The social paradoxes of commercial surrogacy in developing countries: India before the new law of 2018
| Autor: | Sayeed Unisa, Elise de La Rochebrochard, Virginie Rozée |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), International Institute of Population Sciences (India) (IIPS), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, European Project: PIOF-GA-2011-301789,Surrog-India, de La Rochebrochard, Elise, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions - Surrog-India - PIOF-GA-2011-301789 - INCOMING |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
MESH: Survival strategy
0302 clinical medicine 5. Gender equality Pregnancy MESH: Gender Medicine 10. No inequality Child Qualitative Research media_common 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine [SHS.DEMO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography Reproduction lcsh:Public aspects of medicine Commerce Obstetrics and Gynecology Destiny Normes de genre 06 humanities and the arts General Medicine 16. Peace & justice Social mobility Gestation pour Autrui GPA Survival strategy Female Surrogacy Autonomy Research Article Reproductive Techniques Assisted media_common.quotation_subject Decision Making Developing country Mothers India MESH: Dirty work Public Policy Fertilization in Vitro [SHS.DEMO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography 0603 philosophy ethics and religion lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics Developing countries Power (social and political) Interviews as Topic 03 medical and health sciences MESH: Surroacy Dirty work Gender norms Humans Narrative Socioeconomic status lcsh:RG1-991 Surrogate Mothers MESH: Developing countries business.industry Gender lcsh:RA1-1270 Reproductive Medicine [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie Law MESH: India [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie 060301 applied ethics Inde business Qualitative research |
| Zdroj: | BMC Women's Health BMC Women's Health, BioMed Central, 2020, 20, pp.234. ⟨10.1186/s12905-020-01087-2⟩ BMC Women's Health, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1472-6874 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12905-020-01087-2⟩ |
| Popis: | Background Commercial surrogacy is a highly controversial issue that leads to heated debates in the feminist literature, especially when surrogacy takes place in developing countries and when it is performed by local women for wealthy international individuals. The objective of this article is to confront common assumptions with the narratives and experiences described by Indian surrogates themselves. Methods This qualitative study included 33 surrogates interviewed in India (Mumbai, Chennai and New Delhi) who were at different stages of the surrogacy process. They were recruited through five clinics and agencies. This 2-year field study was conducted before the 2018 surrogacy law. Results Surrogates met the criteria fixed by the national guidelines in terms of age and marital and family situation. The commitment to surrogacy had generally been decided with the husband. Its aim was above all to improve the socioeconomic condition of the family. Women described surrogacy as offering better conditions than their previous paid activity. They had clear views on the child and their work. However, they declared that they faced difficulties and social condemnation as surrogacy is associated with extra-marital relationships. They also described a medical process in which they had no autonomy although they did not express complaints. Overall, surrogates did not portray themselves as vulnerable women and victims, but rather as mothers and spouses taking control of their destiny. Conclusions The reality of surrogacy in India embraces antagonistic features that we analyze in this paper as “paradoxes”. First, while women have become surrogates in response to gender constraints as mothers and wives, yet in so doing they have gone against gender norms. Secondly, while surrogacy was socially perceived as dirty work undertaken in order to survive, surrogates used surrogacy as a means to upward mobility for themselves and their children. Finally, while surrogacy was organized to counteract accusations of exploitation, surrogates were under constant domination by the medical system and had no decision-making power in the surrogacy process. This echoes their daily life as women. Although the Indian legal framework has changed, surrogacy still challenges gender norms, particularly in other developing countries where the practice is emerging. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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