Highlighting a population-based re-emergence of Syphilis infection and assessing associated risk factors among pregnant women in Cameroon: Evidence from the 2009, 2012 and 2017 national sentinel surveillance surveys of HIV and syphilis

Autor: Arlette Messeh, Celine Nguefeu-Nkenfou, Dorine Godelive Tseuko, David Same Kob, Gabriel Loni-Ekali, Joseph Fokam, Denis Snayeul-Wawo, Cyprien Kengne-Nde, Jean de Dieu Anoubissi, Serge-Clotaire Billong, Jean-Bosco Nfetam Elat, Leonard Bonono, Marinette Ngo-Nemb, Yasmine Moussa, Albert Zeh-Meka
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Bacterial Diseases
RNA viruses
Epidemiology
Cross-sectional study
Maternal Health
HIV Infections
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Treponematoses
Medical Conditions
0302 clinical medicine
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Pregnancy
Risk Factors
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Medicine and Health Sciences
Cameroon
030212 general & internal medicine
Pregnancy Complications
Infectious
Virus Testing
education.field_of_study
Multidisciplinary
Coinfection
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal Care
Infectious Diseases
Medical Microbiology
HIV epidemiology
Viral Pathogens
Viruses
Medicine
Female
Pathogens
0305 other medical science
Research Article
Neglected Tropical Diseases
medicine.medical_specialty
Science
Urology
Population
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Viral diseases
Lower risk
Microbiology
03 medical and health sciences
Diagnostic Medicine
Retroviruses
medicine
Humans
Seroprevalence
Syphilis
education
Microbial Pathogens
030505 public health
Genitourinary Infections
business.industry
Public health
Lentivirus
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
HIV
Tropical Diseases
medicine.disease
Syphilis Serodiagnosis
Cross-Sectional Studies
Co-Infections
Medical Risk Factors
Women's Health
Pregnant Women
Rural area
business
Sentinel Surveillance
Demography
Zdroj: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 11, p e0241999 (2020)
ISSN: 1932-6203
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241999
Popis: BackgroundSyphilis and HIV can be transmitted from pregnant women to their children and they remain a public health problem in Africa. Our study aimed to determine the trends of seroprevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection and syphilis infection overtime through the national surveillance system in Cameroon and to explore associated risk factors.MethodsWe conducted cross-sectional studies of HIV and syphilis, targeting each year 7000 first antenatal care (ANC-1) attendees at the same sites during the 2009, 2012 and 2017 sentinel surveillance surveys. Pregnant women were enrolled at their ANC-1, sociodemographic and clinical information were collected. HIV and Syphilis test were performed by serial algorithm as per the national guidelines. Trends were assessed for HIV, syphilis and HIV/syphilis by estimating seroprevalence from cross-sectional studies. Associated risk factors were explored using multinomial logistic regression with 4 outcomes: HIV/syphilis co-infection, HIV infection only, syphilis infection only and no infection.ResultsOverall, 6 632, 6 521 and 6 859 pregnant women were enrolled in 2009, 2012 and 2017 respectively. In 2017, a total of 3 901 pregnant women enrolled were tested for syphilis. Almost half of them (47.9%) were living in urban area and were aged less than 25 years (44.7%). While HIV epidemic was on a decline (from 7.6% (95% CI: 6.99–8.28) in 2009 to 5.7% (95% CI: 4.93–6.4) in 2017), a huge significant increase of syphilis prevalence was observed (from 0.6% (95% CI:0.40–0.80) in 2009 to 5.7% (95% CI:4.93–6.40) in 2017). Pregnant women residing in rural areas were more likely to be infected with syphilis than those living in the urban area (aOR = 1.8 [95% CI: 1.3–2.4]). Unmarried pregnant women were three time more likely to be infected by HIV/Syphilis Co-infection than married, cohabiting, widow or divorced pregnant women (aOR = 2.8 [95% CI: 1.3–2.4]). Furthermore; living in Northern region was associated with a lower risk of being infected with HIV (aOR = 0.6 [95% CI: 0.5–0.9]) and Syphilis infection (aOR = 0.6 [95% CI: 0.4–0.9]).ConclusionThe epidemiological dynamics of syphilis suggests a growing burden of syphilis infection in the general population of Cameroon. Our findings support the fact that while emphasizing strategies to fight HIV, huge efforts should also be made for strategies to prevent and fight syphilis infection especially among HIV positive women, in rural area, and southern regions.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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