Matrix stiffening in the formation of blood vessels
| Autor: | Cynthia A. Reinhart-King, Danielle J. LaValley |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | National Science Foundation, National Cancer Institute |
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
angiogenesis
matrix stiffness contractility endothelial cell glycation 0303 health sciences Stromal cell Chemistry Angiogenesis Regeneration (biology) 02 engineering and technology 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Cell biology Vascular endothelial growth factor Extracellular matrix Endothelial stem cell 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound medicine.anatomical_structure medicine General Earth and Planetary Sciences 0210 nano-technology Wound healing 030304 developmental biology General Environmental Science Blood vessel Biomedical engineering |
| Zdroj: | Advances in Regenerative Biology; Vol 1 (2014) |
| ISSN: | 2001-8517 |
| DOI: | 10.3402/arb.v1.25247 |
| Popis: | Angiogenesis, the process where new blood vessels form from existing vasculature, is essential for the successful integration of most tissue-engineered constructs and is dysregulated in many diseases, including cancer. To be functional, the newly formed vasculature must have similar structure and integrity as existing blood vessels, both of which are dependent upon mechanical and chemical cues from the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM stiffness has emerged as a critical extracellular parameter that can modulate capillary network formation and barrier integrity. Moreover, matrix stiffness can alter how endothelial cells respond to soluble, angiogenic factors released by stromal cells, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this review, we will discuss how matrix stiffness can affect the formation and structure of angiogenic vessels, and we will highlight the role of this work in the development of therapeutics to treat angiogenesis in cancer. Knowledge of the governing parameters for vessel formation is critical to the intelligent design of materials made to foster blood vessel growth for tissue-engineering applications and pharmaceuticals designed to intervene with newly formed vasculature in diseased tissue. Keywords: angiogenesis; extracellular matrix stiffness; capillary-like networks; endothelial cells; cancer (Published: 15 October 2014) Citation: Advances in Regenerative Biology 2014, 1 : 25247 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/arb.v1.25247 Abstract in popular science New blood vessels develop from existing ones in a process called angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is critical for wound healing and most tissue-engineering applications, where a blood supply is necessary for the viability of the new tissue. In tissue-engineered constructs for wound repair, for example, angiogenesis needs to occur for proper skin regeneration. Angiogenesis also occurs during cancer, where newly formed vessels feed a growing tumor. These same vessels are also used as one of the primary routes to deliver chemotherapeutics into the tumor. Therefore, there is a clinical need to understand and control angiogenesis to foster tissue regrowth and facilitate the delivery of drugs into tumors. For newly formed vessels to function properly, they must match the growth and integrity of native vessels to form a fully functional vasculature. Numerous factors dictate vessel formation, including the properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM surrounds cells within tissues and provides growth factors and other nutrients to the cells. It also provides the cells with mechanical and chemical cues that can affect and control their behavior. Endothelial cells (ECs), which comprise the inner lining of blood vessels, interact with their ECM, and the nature of these interactions can determine how many new vessels form, the shape of those vessels, and whether those vessels are structurally stable. Many studies have focused on how various chemicals in the ECM affect angiogenesis, but recently, mechanical cues have emerged as important features of tissues that affect the nature of blood vessel formation. In this review, we discuss the role of tissue stiffness as a major determinant of angiogenesis. New biomaterials are emerging where stiffness is tuned in order to control and study angiogenesis. This work lays an important foundation to understand how to foster angiogenesis for tissue-engineering applications or modulate the structure of growing vessels to treat cancer. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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