Supercritical Water Gasification: Practical Design Strategies and Operational Challenges for Lab-Scale, Continuous Flow Reactors
| Autor: | Elizabeth Rasmussen, Brian R. Pinkard, Per G. Reinhall, Igor Novosselov, John C. Kramlich, Kartik Tiwari, David J. Gorman |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Mixing (process engineering) FOS: Physical sciences Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) Standard solution Raw material Chemical reaction Article 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Chemical engineering Cabin pressurization Char lcsh:Social sciences (General) Process engineering lcsh:Science (General) Multidisciplinary business.industry Physics - Applied Physics Supercritical fluid 030104 developmental biology Scientific method lcsh:H1-99 business Analytical chemistry 030217 neurology & neurosurgery lcsh:Q1-390 |
| Zdroj: | Heliyon, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp e01269-(2019) Heliyon |
| Popis: | Optimizing an industrial-scale supercritical water gasification process requires detailed knowledge of chemical reaction pathways, rates, and product yields. Laboratory-scale reactors are employed to develop this knowledge base. The rationale behind designs and component selection of continuous flow, laboratory-scale supercritical water gasification reactors is analyzed. Some design challenges have standard solutions, such as pressurization and preheating, but issues with solid precipitation and feedstock pretreatment still present open questions. Strategies for reactant mixing must be evaluated on a system-by-system basis, depending on feedstock and experimental goals, as mixing can affect product yields, char formation, and reaction pathways. In-situ Raman spectroscopic monitoring of reaction chemistry promises to further fundamental knowledge of gasification and decrease experimentation time. High-temperature, high-pressure spectroscopy in supercritical water conditions is performed, however, long-term operation flow cell operation is challenging. Comparison of Raman spectra for decomposition of formic acid in the supercritical region and cold section of the reactor demonstrates the difficulty in performing quantitative spectroscopy in the hot zone. Future designs and optimization of continuous supercritical water gasification reactors should consider well-established solutions for pressurization, heating, and process monitoring, and effective strategies for mixing and solids handling for long-term reactor operation and data collection. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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