p21-activated kinase signalling in pancreatic cancer: New insights into tumour biology and immune modulation
| Autor: | Mehrdad Nikfarjam, Graham S. Baldwin, Hong S. He, Kai Wang |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Carcinogenesis medicine.medical_treatment Review medicine.disease_cause Chemo-resistance Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) 03 medical and health sciences Antineoplastic Agents Immunological 0302 clinical medicine Cell Movement Pancreatic cancer Tumor Microenvironment medicine Animals Humans Molecular Targeted Therapy Immune response p21-activated kinases Protein Kinase Inhibitors neoplasms Cell Proliferation Tumour microenvironment Tumor microenvironment Kinase business.industry Gastroenterology Cancer General Medicine Immunotherapy Prognosis medicine.disease Pancreatic Neoplasms 030104 developmental biology p21-Activated Kinases Drug Resistance Neoplasm 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Mutation Kras Cancer research KRAS business Cell signalling Signal Transduction |
| Zdroj: | World Journal of Gastroenterology |
| ISSN: | 1007-9327 |
| DOI: | 10.3748/wjg.v24.i33.3709 |
| Popis: | Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies worldwide, with a very poor prognosis and a five-year survival rate less than 8%. This dismal outcome is largely due to delayed diagnosis, early distant dissemination and resistance to conventional chemo-therapies. Kras mutation is a well-defined hallmark of pancreatic cancer, with over 95% of cases harbouring Kras mutations that give rise to constitutively active forms of Kras. As important down-stream effectors of Kras, p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are involved in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion/migration and chemo-resistance. Immunotherapy is now emerging as a promising treatment modality in the era of personalized anti-cancer therapeutics. In this review, basic knowledge of PAK structure and regulation is briefly summarised and the pivotal role of PAKs in Kras-driven pancreatic cancer is highlighted in terms of tumour biology and chemo-resistance. Finally, the involvement of PAKs in immune modulation in the tumour microenvironment is discussed and the potential advantages of targeting PAKs are explored. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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