Pathobiology and Therapeutic Relevance of GSK-3 in Chronic Hematological Malignancies
| Autor: | Alberto M. Martelli, Francesca Paganelli, Camilla Evangelisti, Francesca Chiarini, James A. McCubrey |
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| Přispěvatelé: | A.M. Martelli, F. Paganelli, C. Evangelisti, F. Chiarini, J.A. McCubrey. |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas
GSK-3 chronic hematological malignancies General Medicine Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases targeted therapy multiple myeloma chronic myelogenous leukemia Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 chronic lymphocytic leukemia paralogs Humans Protein Isoforms Hematologic Neoplasms Multiple Myeloma chronic hematological malignancie paralog |
| Popis: | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes. GSK-3 comprises two isoforms (α and β) which were originally discovered in 1980 as enzymes involved in glucose metabolism via inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase. Differently from other proteins kinases, GSK-3 isoforms are constitutively active in resting cells, and their modulation mainly involves inhibition through upstream regulatory networks. In the early 1990s, GSK-3 isoforms were implicated as key players in cancer cell pathobiology. Active GSK-3 facilitates the destruction of multiple oncogenic proteins which include β-catenin and Master regulator of cell cycle entry and proliferative metabolism (c-Myc). Therefore, GSK-3 was initially considered to be a tumor suppressor. Consistently, GSK-3 is often inactivated in cancer cells through dysregulated upstream signaling pathways. However, over the past 10–15 years, a growing number of studies highlighted that in some cancer settings GSK-3 isoforms inhibit tumor suppressing pathways and therefore act as tumor promoters. In this article, we will discuss the multiple and often enigmatic roles played by GSK-3 isoforms in some chronic hematological malignancies (chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas) which are among the most common blood cancer cell types. We will also summarize possible novel strategies targeting GSK-3 for innovative therapies of these disorders. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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