Extractos acuosos de plantas como inhibidores de la germinación de urediniosporas de Hemileia vastatrix; la roya anaranjada del café

Autor: García-Pérez, José Antonio, Alarcón-Gutiérrez, Enrique, Torres Pelayo, Vianey del Rocío
Jazyk: Spanish; Castilian
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5104812
Popis: RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue probar el efecto inhibidor de extractos acuosos de tres especies de plantas sobre la germinación de urediniosporas de la roya del cafeto (Hemileia vastatrix). Se prepararon extractos acuosos de hojas de Ardisia compressa and Eriobotrya japonica comunes en cafetales del centro de Veracruz, México, y de hojas de Ocimun basilicum, común en los jardines caseros locales. Se realizaron tres ensayos experimentales, uno con el extracto de cada especie vegetal, bajo un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro tratamientos; el control negativo (extracto 0%), el control positivo (fungicida comercial), el extracto al 75% y el extracto al 100%. La variable de respuesta fue la proporción de urediniosporas germinadas y la variable explicativa fue la concentración de extracto. Para los resultados de cada ensayo, se ajustó un Modelo Lineal Generalizado (GLM), con errores binomiales, usando el lenguaje R. Los resultados indicaron que los extractos de las tres especies de plantas inhibieron totalmente la germinación de las urediniosporas a un nivel similar al del fungicida comercial. A pesar de la baja tasa de germinación de urediniosporas en los controles negativos, su tasa de germinación fue estadísticamente más alta (P < 0.01) que la de los otros tratamientos. Por lo tanto, se concluye que los extractos de las tres especies vegetales tienen un gran potencial para su uso en el control ecológico de la roya del cafeto. Sin embargo, se necesita escalar los experimentos, tanto a nivel de invernadero como de campo, y probar con surfactantes, coadyuvantes y estabilizadores. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to test the inhibitory effect of plant aqueous extracts on the urediniospores germination of the coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix). Aqueous extracts were prepared from leaves of Ardisia compressa and Eriobotrya japonica which are commons in coffee plantations in central Veracruz, Mexico, and from leaves of Ocimun basilicum, which is common in local home gardens. Three experimental trials were carried out, one with the extract of each plant species under a completely randomized design with four treatments; the negative control (extract 0%), the positive control (commercial fungicide), and extracts at 75% and 100%. The response variable was the proportion of germinated urediniospores and the explanatory variable was the extract concentration. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) with binomial errors was fitted for data of each experiment using the R software. The results indicated that extracts of the three plants species, totally inhibited the germination of urediniospores at a similar level to that of the commercial fungicide. In spite of low germination rate of urediniospores in negative controls, it was statistically higher (P < 0.01) than that of the other treatments. Therefore, it is concluded that extracts of three plant species have a great potential to be used in the ecological control of coffee rust. However, experiments need to be scaled up at the greenhouse and field level and testing with surfactants, adjuvants, and stabilizers.
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