Birth Prevalence of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Among Infants of HIV-Infected Women on Prenatal Antiretroviral Prophylaxis in South Africa

Autor: S.M. Kroon, Suresh B. Boppana, Sunil K. Pati, Nazma Chowdhury, A.M. van Niekerk, Nei-yuan Hsiao, C. Hutto, Zdenek Novak, S. Manicklal
Rok vydání: 2014
Předmět:
Zdroj: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 58:1467-1472
ISSN: 1537-6591
1058-4838
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu096
Popis: Background. A high rate of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been documented in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–exposed infants in industrialized settings, both in the pre– and post–highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Only limited data on the birth prevalence of congenital CMV among infants of HIV-infected women on prenatal antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis are available from sub-Saharan Africa, despite a high prevalence of both infections. We evaluated the prevalence of congenital CMV in HIV-exposed infants in the Western Cape, South Africa. Methods. HIV-infected mothers were recruited in the immediate postnatal period at a referral maternity hospital between April and October 2012. Maternal and infant clinical data and newborn saliva swabs were collected. Saliva swabs were assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction for CMV. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine specific demographic, maternal, and newborn characteristics associated with congenital CMV. Results. CMV was detected in 22 of 748 newborn saliva swabs (2.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9%–4.4%). Overall, 96% of mothers used prenatal ARV prophylaxis (prenatal zidovudine, 43.9%; HAART, 52.1%). Maternal age, gestational age, prematurity (
Databáze: OpenAIRE