Genetic Markers in Lung Cancer Diagnosis: A Review

Autor: Katarzyna Wadowska, Łukasz Trembecki, Iwona Bil-Lula, Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Oncology
medicine.medical_specialty
Lung Neoplasms
Review
Disease
Gene mutation
medicine.disease_cause
Catalysis
lcsh:Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Internal medicine
medicine
Humans
molecular heterogeneity
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Stage (cooking)
Liquid biopsy
Lung cancer
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Molecular Biology
molecular landscape
Spectroscopy
epigenetic markers
genetic alterations
microRNA
liquid biopsy
business.industry
Organic Chemistry
Cancer
General Medicine
Prognosis
medicine.disease
Computer Science Applications
Gene Expression Regulation
Neoplastic
lung cancer
030104 developmental biology
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
NGS
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
genetic markers
KRAS
business
Carcinogenesis
carcinogenesis
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 4569, p 4569 (2020)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134569
Popis: Lung cancer is the most often diagnosed cancer in the world and the most frequent cause of cancer death. The prognosis for lung cancer is relatively poor and 75% of patients are diagnosed at its advanced stage. The currently used diagnostic tools are not sensitive enough and do not enable diagnosis at the early stage of the disease. Therefore, searching for new methods of early and accurate diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial for its effective treatment. Lung cancer is the result of multistage carcinogenesis with gradually increasing genetic and epigenetic changes. Screening for the characteristic genetic markers could enable the diagnosis of lung cancer at its early stage. The aim of this review was the summarization of both the preclinical and clinical approaches in the genetic diagnostics of lung cancer. The advancement of molecular strategies and analytic platforms makes it possible to analyze the genome changes leading to cancer development—i.e., the potential biomarkers of lung cancer. In the reviewed studies, the diagnostic values of microsatellite changes, DNA hypermethylation, and p53 and KRAS gene mutations, as well as microRNAs expression, have been analyzed as potential genetic markers. It seems that microRNAs and their expression profiles have the greatest diagnostic potential value in lung cancer diagnosis, but their quantification requires standardization.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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