Role of botulinum toxin A in improving facial erythema and skin quality
| Autor: | Lin Xing, Jennifer H Taylor, Vince Bertucci, Edith Hanna |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Facial rejuvenation Gingiva Scars Dermatology Cosmetic Techniques Esthetics Dental complex mixtures Smiling Botulinum toxin a Gummy smile medicine Humans Facial erythema Prospective Studies Botulinum Toxins Type A Cosmetic procedures business.industry General Medicine medicine.disease Skin Aging Rosacea Skin texture Erythema medicine.symptom business |
| Zdroj: | Archives of dermatological research. 314(8) |
| ISSN: | 1432-069X |
| Popis: | Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections have become the most popular noninvasive cosmetic procedures performed worldwide. With growing interest, investigators continue to uncover an expanding array of aesthetic indications for BTX-A. Botulinum toxin A has been used off-label in the management of masseter hypertrophy for facial slimming, platysmal bands, nasal 'bunny' lines, perioral rhytides, gummy smile and scars, to name a few. Interestingly, the injection of multiple microdroplets of dilute BTX-A into the dermis, sometimes referred to as 'microbotox', has been investigated as a tool for facial rejuvenation. A handful of prospective studies and case series have demonstrated the benefit of BTX-A in the treatment of facial erythema and improving skin texture. The aim of this review is to summarize and appraise currently available data on the role of BTX-A in treating facial erythema and skin quality, with a special focus on potential pathophysiologic mechanisms. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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