Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in human retina: Morphology, distribution, and synaptic connections
Autor: | Ulrike Grünert, Sammy C.S. Lee, Paul R. Martin, Subha Nasir-Ahmad |
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Rok vydání: | 2017 |
Předmět: |
Adult
Male Retinal Ganglion Cells 0301 basic medicine Melanopsin Giant retinal ganglion cells Biology Retinal ganglion 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Neural Pathways medicine Humans Ganglion cell layer Retina General Neuroscience Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells Rod Opsins Middle Aged Inner plexiform layer Cell biology 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Inner nuclear layer Female sense organs Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
Zdroj: | Journal of Comparative Neurology. 527:312-327 |
ISSN: | 0021-9967 |
Popis: | Melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells are intrinsically photosensitive cells that are involved in non-image forming visual processes such as the pupillary light reflex and circadian entrainment but also contribute to visual perception. Here we used immunohistochemistry to study the morphology, density, distribution, and synaptic connectivity of melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in four post mortem human donor retinas. Two types of melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells were distinguished based on their dendritic stratification near either the outer or the inner border of the inner plexiform layer. Outer stratifying cells make up on average 60% of the melanopsin-expressing cells. About half of the melanopsin-expressing cells (or 80% of the outer stratifying cells) have their soma displaced to the inner nuclear layer. Inner stratifying cells have their soma exclusively in the ganglion cell layer and include a small proportion of bistratified cells. The dendritic field diameter of melanopsin-expressing cells ranges from 250 (near the fovea) to 1,000 µm in peripheral retina. The dendritic trees of outer stratifying cells cover the retina independent of soma location. The dendritic fields of both outer and inner stratifying cells show a high degree of overlap with a coverage factor of approximately two. Melanopsin-expressing cells occur at an average peak density of between ∼20 and ∼40 cells/mm2 at about 2 mm eccentricity, the density drops to below ∼10 cells/mm2 at about 8 mm eccentricity. Both the outer and inner stratifying dendrites express postsynaptic density (PSD95) immunoreactive puncta suggesting that they receive synaptic input from bipolar cells. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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