Exosome-mediated mRNA delivery in vivo is safe and can be used to induce SARS-CoV-2 immunity
| Autor: | Justin Nice, Alanna Sedgwick, Chenxu Guo, Shang Jui Tsai, Arjang Salehi, Saravana Kanagavelu, Stephen Jay Gould, Nadia A. Atai, Mafalda Cacciottolo |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
COVID19
T cell mRNA nucleocapsid cationic lipid Exosomes Biochemistry Exosome lipofection T-cell In vivo antibody medicine Humans exosome Luciferase RNA Messenger Molecular Biology Cells Cultured Research Articles Messenger RNA Chemistry SARS-CoV-2 Gene Transfer Techniques Cell Biology Extracellular vesicle spike Lipids Microvesicles Cell biology medicine.anatomical_structure HEK293 Cells Nanoparticles Light emission extracellular vesicles |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of Biological Chemistry |
| ISSN: | 1083-351X |
| Popis: | Functional delivery of mRNA has high clinical potential. Previous studies established that mRNAs can be delivered to cells in vitro and in vivo via RNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Here we describe an alternative approach using exosomes, the only biologically normal nanovesicle. In contrast to LNPs, which elicited pronounced cellular toxicity, exosomes had no adverse effects in vitro or in vivo at any dose tested. Moreover, mRNA-loaded exosomes were characterized by efficient mRNA encapsulation (∼90%), high mRNA content, consistent size, and a polydispersity index under 0.2. Using an mRNA encoding the red light-emitting luciferase Antares2, we observed that mRNA-loaded exosomes were superior to mRNA-loaded LNPs at delivering functional mRNA into human cells in vitro. Injection of Antares2 mRNA-loaded exosomes also led to strong light emission following injection into the vitreous fluid of the eye or into the tissue of skeletal muscle in mice. Furthermore, we show that repeated injection of Antares2 mRNA-loaded exosomes drove sustained luciferase expression across six injections spanning at least 10 weeks, without evidence of signal attenuation or adverse injection site responses. Consistent with these findings, we observed that exosomes loaded with mRNAs encoding immunogenic forms of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins induced long-lasting cellular and humoral responses to both. Taken together, these results demonstrate that exosomes can be used to deliver functional mRNA to and into cells in vivo. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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