Seasonal patterns in risk factors for Taenia solium transmission: a GPS tracking study of pigs and open human defecation in northern Peru

Autor: William Pan, Ian W Pray, Ricardo Gamboa, Claudio Muro, Seth E. O’Neal, William E. Lambert, Wayne W. Wakeland, Hector H. Garcia, Percy Vilchez
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Male
pig
Rural Population
0301 basic medicine
Veterinary medicine
parasitology
Swine
GPS
purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.07 [https]
animal behavior
law.invention
Feces
0302 clinical medicine
Risk Factors
law
Peru
Dry season
Taenia solium
animal
geographic information system
Defecation
Swine Diseases
2. Zero hunger
Human feces
seasonal variation
Behavior
Animal
adult
parasite transmission
pilot study
Feces/parasitology
movement (physiology)
Swine Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission
infection control
agricultural land
medicine.drug_formulation_ingredient
female
Infectious Diseases
Transmission (mechanics)
risk factor
contact examination
Female
Pigs
Seasons
Open defecation
Wet season
Swine/parasitology
spatial analysis
Movement
Home range
030231 tropical medicine
Cysticercosis/epidemiology/transmission/veterinary
Biology
Article
lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases
03 medical and health sciences
vegetation
global positioning system
medicine
Animals
feces analysis
Humans
lcsh:RC109-216
human
infection risk
population density
swine disease
Spatial Analysis
nonhuman
isolation and purification
Cysticercosis
Research
Cestodes
land use
home environment
veterinary medicine
030104 developmental biology
Taenia solium/isolation & purification
Geographic Information Systems
Parasitology
trend study
Peru/epidemiology
season
Zdroj: Parasites & Vectors, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2019)
Parasites & Vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3614-5
Popis: Background Taenia solium (cysticercosis) is a parasitic cestode that is endemic in rural populations where open defecation is common and free-roaming pigs have access to human feces. The purpose of this study was to examine the roaming patterns of free-range pigs, and identify areas where T. solium transmission could occur via contact with human feces. We did this by using GPS trackers to log the movement of 108 pigs in three villages of northern Peru. Pigs were tracked for approximately six days each and tracking was repeated in the rainy and dry seasons. Maps of pig ranges were analyzed for size, distance from home, land type and contact with human defecation sites, which were assessed in a community-wide defecation survey. Results Consistent with prior GPS studies and spatial analyses, we found that the majority of pigs remained close to home during the tracking period and had contact with human feces in their home areas: pigs spent a median of 79% (IQR: 61–90%) of their active roaming time within 50 m of their homes and a median of 60% of their contact with open defecation within 100 m of home. Extended away-from-home roaming was predominately observed during the rainy season; overall, home range areas were 61% larger during the rainy season compared to the dry season (95% CI: 41–73%). Both home range size and contact with open defecation sites showed substantial variation between villages, and contact with open defecation sites was more frequent among pigs with larger home ranges and pigs living in higher density areas of their village. Conclusions Our study builds upon prior work showing that pigs predominately roam and have contact with human feces within 50–100 m of the home, and that T. solium transmission is most likely to occur in these concentrated areas of contact. This finding, therefore, supports control strategies that target treatment resources to these areas of increased transmission. Our finding of a seasonal trend in roaming ranges may be useful for control programs relying on pig interventions, and in the field of transmission modeling, which require precise estimates of pig behavior and risk. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3614-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje