Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Organellar Gene Expression (OGE) and Its Roles in Plant Salt Tolerance
| Autor: | Víctor Quesada, Pedro Robles |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Nuclear gene Chloroplasts Salt stress Arabidopsis Review 01 natural sciences Genome Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry lcsh:Chemistry 03 medical and health sciences SIGMA FACTOR 5 Gene Expression Regulation Plant organellar gene expression (OGE) pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins Organelle mitochondrial transcription termination factors (mTERFs) Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Molecular Biology Post-transcriptional regulation lcsh:QH301-705.5 Spectroscopy Plant Physiological Phenomena biology Abiotic stress rice Organic Chemistry food and beverages General Medicine RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs)-containing proteins biology.organism_classification DEAD-box RNA helicases (RHs)-containing proteins Computer Science Applications Cell biology Mitochondria PLASTID-SPECIFIC RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN 2 Chloroplast 030104 developmental biology lcsh:Biology (General) lcsh:QD1-999 Retrograde signaling 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 5, p 1056 (2019) International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | Given their endosymbiotic origin, chloroplasts and mitochondria genomes harbor only between 100 and 200 genes that encode the proteins involved in organellar gene expression (OGE), photosynthesis, and the electron transport chain. However, as the activity of these organelles also needs a few thousand proteins encoded by the nuclear genome, a close coordination of the gene expression between the nucleus and organelles must exist. In line with this, OGE regulation is crucial for plant growth and development, and is achieved mainly through post-transcriptional mechanisms performed by nuclear genes. In this way, the nucleus controls the activity of organelles and these, in turn, transmit information about their functional state to the nucleus by modulating nuclear expression according to the organelles’ physiological requirements. This adjusts organelle function to plant physiological, developmental, or growth demands. Therefore, OGE must appropriately respond to both the endogenous signals and exogenous environmental cues that can jeopardize plant survival. As sessile organisms, plants have to respond to adverse conditions to acclimate and adapt to them. Salinity is a major abiotic stress that negatively affects plant development and growth, disrupts chloroplast and mitochondria function, and leads to reduced yields. Information on the effects that the disturbance of the OGE function has on plant tolerance to salinity is still quite fragmented. Nonetheless, many plant mutants which display altered responses to salinity have been characterized in recent years, and interestingly, several are affected in nuclear genes encoding organelle-localized proteins that regulate the expression of organelle genes. These results strongly support a link between OGE and plant salt tolerance, likely through retrograde signaling. Our review analyzes recent findings on the OGE functions required by plants to respond and tolerate salinity, and highlights the fundamental role that chloroplast and mitochondrion homeostasis plays in plant adaptation to salt stress. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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