Informing 21st-Century Risk Assessments with 21st-Century Science
| Autor: | James J. Jones, Thomas A. Burke, Linda S. Birnbaum |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis MEDLINE 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology Risk Assessment 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences Environmental health Political science Agency (sociology) medicine Animals Humans United States Environmental Protection Agency Environmental planning Chemical risk 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Public health Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Computational Biology Environmental Exposure Environmental exposure United States Chemical space 030104 developmental biology Environmental Pollutants Brief Communications Risk assessment Environmental Health Forecasting National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U.S.) Environmental epidemiology |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Health Perspectives |
| ISSN: | 1552-9924 0091-6765 |
| DOI: | 10.1289/ehp.1511135 |
| Popis: | Summary Understanding and preventing adverse impacts from chemicals in the environment is fundamental to protecting public health, and chemical risk assessments are used to inform public health decisions in the United States and around the world. Traditional chemical risk assessments focus on health effects of environmental contaminants on a chemical-by-chemical basis, largely based on data from animal models using exposures that are typically higher than those experienced by humans. Results from environmental epidemiology studies sometimes show effects that are not observed in animal studies at human exposure levels that are lower than those used in animal studies. In addition, new approaches such as Toxicology in the 21st Century (Tox21) and exposure forecasting (ExpoCast) are generating mechanistic data that provide broad coverage of chemical space, chemical mixtures, and potential associated health outcomes, along with improved exposure estimates. It is becoming clear that risk assessments in the future will need to use the full range of available mechanistic, animal, and human data to integrate multiple types of data and to consider nontraditional health outcomes and end points. This perspective was developed at the “Strengthening the Scientific Basis of Chemical Safety Assessments” workshop, which was cosponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, where gaps between the emerging science and traditional chemical risk assessments were explored, and approaches for bridging the gaps were considered. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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