| Popis: |
Differences in genotypes of plant characters may effects on insect-plant herbivoreinteractions and variation in genotypes traits is responsible for modify the bottom-up effects. Recentevidence shows that simultaneous occurrence of abiotic and biotic stress can have a positive effecton plant performance by reducing the susceptibility to biotic stress which is a positive sign for pestmanagement. Plant responses to these stresses are multifaceted and involve copious of antibiosis,physiological, antixenotic, molecular, molecular and cellular adaptations. Plants having antibiosischaracters such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids etc. may cause reduced insect survival,prolonged development time, decreased size and reduced fitness of new generation. Quality andquantity of constitutive secondary metabolites production is species as well as cultivar specific andcan be expressed as signature of particular plant or species and leads to the phenomenon of host plant resistance. Hence such mechanisms of plant resistance have been effectively and widely usedfor managing insect-pests in fields of dryland horticultural crops. Direct defenses are mediatedthrough plant characteristics that affect the insect biology such as mechanical protection on thesurface of the plants (e.g., hairs, trichomes, thorns, spines and thicker leaves) that either kill or retardthe development of the herbivores. This phenomenon of host plant resistance to insect can beexploited for development of resistance crop cultivars which readily produce the inducible responseupon mild infestation and can perform as one of the of integrated pest management for sustainabledryland horticultural crop production. This review presents overviews about these constitutive andinducible responses towards antixenotic and antibiosis adaptations in arid horticultural crops to protect themselves against insects. |
