In Situ Accumulation of HBCD, PBDEs, and Several Alternative Flame-Retardants in the Bivalve (Corbicula fluminea) and Gastropod (Elimia proxima)
| Autor: | T. Matteson Mainor, Ellen Harvey, Robert C. Hale, Serena Ciparis, Mark J. La Guardia |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
In situ
Geologic Sediments Gastropoda Biology chemistry.chemical_compound Polybrominated diphenyl ethers Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers North Carolina Animals Environmental Chemistry Corbicula fluminea Corbicula Flame Retardants Hexabromocyclododecane Sediment Biota General Chemistry biology.organism_classification Hydrocarbons Brominated Bioavailability chemistry Environmental chemistry Bioaccumulation Bromobenzenes Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Science & Technology. 46:5798-5805 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5851 0013-936X |
| DOI: | 10.1021/es3004238 |
| Popis: | Alternative brominated flame-retardants (BFRs), 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), are now being detected in the environment. However, contaminant bioavailability is influenced by the organisms' ecology (i.e., route of uptake) and in situ environmental factors. We observed that the filter-feeding bivalve (Corbicula fluminea) and grazing gastropod (Elimia proxima), collected downstream from a textile manufacturing outfall, exhibited TBB, TBPH, and BTBPE concentrations from 152 to 2230 ng g(-1) lipid weight (lw). These species also contained additional BFRs. Maximum levels of total hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers (∑HBCDs) in these species were 363,000 and 151,000 ng g(-1) lw, and those of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (∑PBDEs) were 64,900 and 47,200 ng g(-1) lw, respectively. These concentrations are among the highest reported to date worldwide. While BDE-209 was once thought to be nonbioavailable and resistant to degradation, it was the dominant BFR present and likely debromination products were detected. Contributions of α- and β-HBCD were higher in tissues than sediments, consistent with γ-HBCD bioisomerization. Mollusk bioaccumulation factors were similar between HBCD and PBDEs with 4 to 6 bromines, but factors for TBB, TBPH, and BTBPE were lower. Despite different feeding strategies, the bivalves and gastropods exhibited similar BFR water and sediment accumulation factors. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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