An infant formula toxicity and toxicokinetic feeding study on carrageenan in preweaning piglets with special attention to the immune system and gastrointestinal tract
| Autor: | Brandon M. Zeigler, Brinda Mahadevan, Keith Nelson, L. Cochrane, Bjorn A. Thorsrud, W.R. Blakemore, A. Brant, Myra L. Weiner, M. Pellerin, H.E. Ferguson, Mark Cameron |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Swine Interleukin-1beta Physiology Carrageenan Toxicology chemistry.chemical_compound Immunophenotyping Immune system Lactation Toxicity Tests medicine Animals Cytotoxic T cell Gastrointestinal tract Dose-Response Relationship Drug Interleukin-6 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha business.industry Body Weight Interleukin-8 Organ Size General Medicine Infant Formula Gastrointestinal Tract medicine.anatomical_structure Animals Newborn Infant formula chemistry Immune System Immunology Toxicity Female business Food Science |
| Zdroj: | Food and Chemical Toxicology. 77:120-131 |
| ISSN: | 0278-6915 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.fct.2014.12.022 |
| Popis: | A toxicity/toxicokinetic swine-adapted infant formula feeding study was conducted in Domestic Yorkshire Crossbred Swine from lactation day 3 for 28 consecutive days during the preweaning period at carrageenan concentrations of 0, 300, 1000 and 2250 ppm under GLP guidelines. This study extends the observations in newborn baboons (McGill et al., 1977) to piglets and evaluates additional parameters: organ weights, clinical chemistry, special gastrointestinal tract stains (toluidine blue, Periodic Acid-Schiff), plasma levels of carrageenan; and evaluation of potential immune system effects. Using validated methods, immunophenotyping of blood cell types (lymphocytes, monocytes, B cells, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, mature T cells), sandwich immunoassays for blood cytokine evaluations (IL-6, IL-8, IL1β, TNF-α), and immunohistochemical staining of the gut for IL-8 and TNF-α were conducted. No treatment-related adverse effects at any carrageenan concentration were found on any parameter. Glucosuria in a few animals was not considered treatment-related. The high dose in this study, equivalent to ~430 mg/kg/day, provides an adequate margin of exposure for human infants, as affirmed by JECFA and supports the safe use of carrageenan for infants ages 0-12 weeks and older and infants with special medical needs. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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