The AMPK-MFN2 axis regulates MAM dynamics and autophagy induced by energy stresses
| Autor: | Xiaoying Lin, Xia Li, Pengcheng He, Zhang Luying, Dongxing Zhu, Qing Gong, Longxuan Li, Zhengjie He, Hao Chen, Du Feng, Hualin Fan, Haofeng Huang, Haixia Zhuang, Yongquan Hu, Yiming Xu, Tian Meng |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
MFN2 AMP-Activated Protein Kinases Mitochondrion Biology Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondrial Proteins 03 medical and health sciences Autophagy Humans MFN1 Molecular Biology 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology Autophagosomes Mitophagy AMPK Cell Biology BECN1 Fibroblasts Mitochondria Cell biology 030104 developmental biology mitochondrial fusion Mitochondrial Membranes Mitochondrial fission Microtubule-Associated Proteins Research Paper HeLa Cells |
| Zdroj: | Autophagy |
| ISSN: | 1554-8635 1554-8627 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/15548627.2020.1749490 |
| Popis: | Energy deprivation activates the cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which in turn induces macroautophagy/autophagy. The mitochondrial-associated ER membrane (MAM) plays a key role in mitochondrial division and autophagy, and the mitochondrial fusion protein MFN2 (mitofusin 2) tethers the MAM, but the mechanism by which AMPK and MFN2 regulate autophagy in response to energy stress remains unclear. Here, we found that energy stress not only triggers mitochondrial fission and autophagy, but more importantly increases the number of MAMs, a process that requires AMPK. Interestingly, under energy stress, considerable amounts of AMPK translocate from cytosol to the MAM and the mitochondrion as mitochondrial fission occurs. Unexpectedly, AMPK interacts directly with MFN2. The autophagic ability of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking MFN2 (mfn2(−/-)) is significantly attenuated in response to energy stress as compared to wild-type MEFs (WT MEFs), while re-expression of MFN2 in mfn2(−/-) cells rescues the autophagy defects of these cells. The abundance of MAMs is also greatly reduced in MFN2-deficient cells. Functional experiments show that the oxygen consumption rate and the glycolytic function of cells lacking MFN2 but not MFN1 are obviously attenuated, and MFN2 is important for cell survival under energy stress. In conclusion, our study establishes the molecular link between the energy sensor AMPK and the MAM tether MFN2, and reveals the important role of AMPK and MFN2 in energy stress-induced autophagy and MAM dynamics. Abbreviations: ACTB, actin beta; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; BECN1, beclin 1; CANX, calnexin; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; HRP, horseradish peroxidase; EM, electron microscopy; FL, full-length; KD, kinase dead, KO, knockout; MAb, monoclonal antibody; MAMs, mitochondria-associated membranes; MAP1LC3/LC3B, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MFN2, mitofusin 2; OPA1, OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase; PAb, polyclonal antibody; PtdIns3K, class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; SD, standard deviation; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; TOMM20, translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast; WT, wildtype |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|