Pharmacokinetic Profile of ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabidiol and Metabolites in Blood following Vaporization and Oral Ingestion of Cannabidiol Products
| Autor: | Cecilia L Bergeria, Tory R Spindle, Edward J Cone, Dennis Sholler, Elia Goffi, John M Mitchell, Ruth E Winecker, George E Bigelow, Ronald Flegel, Ryan Vandrey |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Chemical Health and Safety
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Administration Oral Toxicology digestive system digestive system diseases Article Analytical Chemistry Eating surgical procedures operative Double-Blind Method Hallucinogens Environmental Chemistry Cannabidiol Humans Dronabinol Volatilization Cannabis |
| Zdroj: | J Anal Toxicol |
| ISSN: | 1945-2403 |
| Popis: | There is limited data on the comparative pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol (CBD) across oral and vaporized formulations. This within-subject, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled laboratory study analyzed the pharmacokinetic profile of CBD, ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) and related metabolites in blood and oral fluid (OF) after participants (n = 18) administered 100 mg of CBD in each of the following formulations: (1) oral CBD, (2) vaporized CBD and (3) vaporized CBD-dominant cannabis containing 10.5% CBD and 0.39% ∆9-THC (3.7 mg); all participants also completed a placebo condition. Oral CBD was administered in three formulations: (1) encapsulated CBD, (2) CBD suspended in pharmacy-grade syrup and (3) Epidiolex, allowing for pharmacokinetic comparisons across oral formulations (n = 6 per condition). An optional fifth experimental condition was completed for six participants in which they fasted from all food for 12 h prior to oral ingestion of 100 mg of CBD. Blood and OF samples were collected immediately before and for 57–58 h after each drug administration. Immunoassay screening and LC–MS-MS confirmatory tests were performed, the limit of quantitation was 0.5 ng/mL for ∆9-THC and 1 ng/mL for CBD. The mean Cmax and range of CBD blood concentrations for each product were as follows: vaporized CBD-dominant cannabis, 171.1 ng/mL, 40.0–665.0 ng/mL, vaporized CBD 104.6 ng/mL, 19.0–312.0 ng/mL and oral CBD, 13.7 ng/mL, 0.0–50.0 ng/mL. Of the three oral formulations, Epidiolex produced the greatest peak concentration of CBD (20.5 ng/mL, 8.0–37.0 ng/mL) relative to the capsule (17.8 ng/mL, 2.0–50.0 ng/mL) and syrup (2.8 ng/mL, 0–7.0 ng/mL). ∆9-THC was detected in the blood of 12/18 participants after vaporized CBD-dominant cannabis use, but neither ∆9-THC nor its metabolite THC-COOH were detected in the blood of any participants after vaporized or oral CBD-only administration. These data demonstrate that different oral and vaporized formulations produce substantial variability in the pharmacokinetics of CBD and that CBD alone is unlikely to convert to ∆9-THC or produce positive drug tests for ∆9-THC or its metabolite. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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