Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Determines Rectal Natural Killer Cell Populations
| Autor: | Simbo Chiadika, Jason T. Kimata, Paula C. Aulicino, Karen J. Vigil, Netanya S Utay, Anoma Somasunderam, Beverly Smulevitz, David S. Wolf, Roberto Arduino |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Carotid Artery Diseases 0301 basic medicine genetic structures T-Lymphocytes T cell Immunology Cell Rectum chemical and pharmacologic phenomena HIV Infections Pathogenesis Flow cytometry Natural killer cell Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Virology Humans Medicine 030212 general & internal medicine medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Stem Cells hemic and immune systems Middle Aged CD4 Lymphocyte Count Killer Cells Natural Chronic infection 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases medicine.anatomical_structure Anti-Retroviral Agents Heart Disease Risk Factors Acute Disease HIV-1 sense organs Stem cell business CD8 |
| Zdroj: | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
| ISSN: | 1931-8405 0889-2229 |
| Popis: | Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), innate and adaptive immunologic damage persists in the periphery and gut. T memory stem cells (Tscm) and natural killer (NK) cells are pivotal for host defense. Tscm are memory cells capable of antigen response and self-renewal, and circulating and gut NK cell populations may facilitate HIV control. The impact of early ART on circulating and gut Tscm and NK cells is unknown. We enrolled participants who initiated ART during acute versus chronic HIV-1 infection versus no ART in chronic infection. We performed flow cytometry to identify NK and Tscm cells in the blood and rectum and polymerase chain reaction to quantify the HIV-1 reservoir in both sites. We used the Mann–Whitney U-test and Spearman correlation coefficients for analysis. Participants who started ART in acute infection had lower rectal CD56(bright)CD16(dim) cell frequencies than participants who started ART in chronic HIV-1 infection and lower CD56(bright) and CD56(bright)CD16(−) cell frequencies than participants with chronic infection without ART. Higher circulating NK cell, CD56(−)CD16(bright), CD56(dim), and CD56(dim)CD16(bright) frequencies correlated with higher HIV-1 DNA levels in rectal CD4(+) T cells, whereas higher circulating CD4(+) T cell counts correlated with higher rectal NK, CD56(bright)CD16(dim), and CD56(dim)CD16(bright) frequencies. Peripheral CD56(bright)CD16(−) cells were inversely associated with rectal CD56(−)CD16(bright) cells. Rectal CD8(+) Tscm frequencies were higher in participants without ART than participants with chronic infection on ART. Timing of ART initiation determines rectal NK cell populations, and ART may influence rectal Tscm populations. Whether the gut reservoir contributes to NK cell activation requires further study. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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