Bioavailability of five hydrophobic organic compounds to earthworms from sterile and non-sterile artificial soils

Autor: Klára Šmídová, Sooyeon Kim, Jakub Hofman
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
Environmental Engineering
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis

Soil biology
0211 other engineering and technologies
Biological Availability
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
01 natural sciences
Soil
chemistry.chemical_compound
Animals
Soil Pollutants
Environmental Chemistry
Oligochaeta
Organic Chemicals
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Microbial biodegradation
Soil Microbiology
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Pollutant
021110 strategic
defence & security studies

Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health

Sterilization
General Medicine
General Chemistry
15. Life on land
Pollution
Bioavailability
Microbial population biology
chemistry
13. Climate action
Environmental chemistry
Bioaccumulation
Soil water
Lindane
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Zdroj: Chemosphere. 179:222-231
ISSN: 0045-6535
Popis: Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of organic pollutants to soil biota, often required by risk assessment, are mostly obtained in non-sterile laboratory-contaminated artificial soils. However, microbial degradation has been indicated by many authors to influence the fate of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in soils. A question arises if the microbial community of peat which is used for artificial soil preparation affects the measured values of BAFs. In this study the effect of soil microorganisms on bioavailability of HOCs was studied and a portion of each soil was sterilized by gamma irradiation. Results indicated that the sterilization process significantly affected the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; phenanthrene and pyrene) and increased bioavailability of these compounds to earthworms with BAFs several times higher in the sterile soils compared to their non-sterile variants. This suggests that sterilization of soils can be used as the "worst-case scenario" for laboratory tests of toxicity or bioaccumulation of biodegradable HOCs such as PAHs. It represents a situation of limited microbial degradation resulting in higher bioavailable fractions to other organisms (e.g. invertebrates). This may be the case in soils where microbial communities face stresses caused by contamination or land management. The bioavailability of chlorinated HOCs (lindane, 4,4'-DDT and PCB 153) was not affected by sterilization, as their BAFs were similar in the sterile and non-sterile soils during the experiment.
Databáze: OpenAIRE