Flood Control: How Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Can Help to Improve the Intestinal Barrier Function and Break the Gut-Joint Axis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
| Autor: | Anouk L. Feitsma, Fons A. J. van de Loo, Jean Paul ten Klooster, Laura M’Rabet, Annemarie Boleij, Marije I. Koenders, R. J. Joost van Neerven, Onno J. Arntz, Bartijn C. H. Pieters, Joyce Aarts |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
rheumatoid arthritis bovine milk Immunology microbiome Inflammation Celbiologie en Immunologie Disease Review immunomodulation Arthritis Rheumatoid 03 medical and health sciences Extracellular Vesicles 0302 clinical medicine Immune system medicine Tumours of the digestive tract Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 14] Immunology and Allergy Animals Humans Microbiome Colitis intestine Systemic lupus erythematosus Milk Human business.industry RC581-607 medicine.disease Microvesicles Intestines 030104 developmental biology Cell Biology and Immunology 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis WIAS Female Joints Immunologic diseases. Allergy medicine.symptom business extracellular vesicles Dysbiosis Inflammatory diseases Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 5] |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Immunology, 12 Frontiers in Immunology Frontiers in Immunology 12 (2021) Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1664-3224 |
| Popis: | Many studies provided compelling evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the regulation of the immune response, acting as both enhancers and dampeners of the immune system, depending on the source and type of vesicle. Research, including ours, has shown anti-inflammatory effects of milk-derived EVs, using human breast milk as well as bovine colostrum and store-bought pasteurized cow milk, in in vitro systems as well as therapeutically in animal models. Although it is not completely elucidated which proteins and miRNAs within the milk-derived EVs contribute to these immunosuppressive capacities, one proposed mechanism of action of the EVs is via the modulation of the crosstalk between the (intestinal) microbiome and their host health. There is increasing awareness that the gut plays an important role in many inflammatory diseases. Enhanced intestinal leakiness, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, and bowel inflammation are not only associated with intestinal diseases like colitis and Crohn’s disease, but also characteristic for systemic inflammatory diseases such as lupus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Strategies to target the gut, and especially its microbiome, are under investigation and hold a promise as a therapeutic intervention for these diseases. The use of milk-derived EVs, either as stand-alone drug or as a drug carrier, is often suggested in recent years. Several research groups have studied the tolerance and safety of using milk-derived EVs in animal models. Due to its composition, milk-derived EVs are highly biocompatible and have limited immunogenicity even cross species. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that milk-derived EVs, when taken up in the gastro-intestinal tract, stay intact after absorption, indicating excellent stability. These characteristics make milk-derived EVs very suitable as drug carriers, but also by themselves, these EVs already have a substantial immunoregulatory function, and even without loading, these vesicles can act as therapeutics. In this review, we will address the immunomodulating capacity of milk-derived EVs and discuss their potential as therapy for RA patients.Review criteriaThe search terms “extracellular vesicles”, “exosomes”, “microvesicles”, “rheumatoid arthritis”, “gut-joint axis”, “milk”, and “experimental arthritis” were used. English-language full text papers (published between 1980 and 2021) were identified from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The reference list for each paper was further searched to identify additional relevant articles. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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