Pharmacological Modulators of Autophagy as a Potential Strategy for the Treatment of COVID-19
| Autor: | Anderson H.F.F. Leão, Soraya S. Smaili, Gian Maria Fimia, Mauro Piacentini, Ísis Valeska Freire Lins, Gustavo J.S. Pereira, Lucas dos Santos Zamarioli, Patrícia Reckziegel, Laís de Oliveira Marchioro, Adolfo Garcia Erustes, Talita Aparecida de Moraes Vrechi, Ingrid Beatriz de Melo Morais, Cássia Arruda Souza Pereira, Claudia Bincoletto, Letícia Paulino Sperandio |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
autophagy
medicine.medical_treatment Review Pharmacology Virus Replication Catalysis lcsh:Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry In vivo Viral entry Chloroquine medicine Humans Molecular Targeted Therapy Physical and Theoretical Chemistry lcsh:QH301-705.5 Molecular Biology Protein kinase B Spectroscopy PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway Protease SARS-CoV-2 business.industry Organic Chemistry Autophagy COVID-19 Imatinib General Medicine COVID-19 Drug Treatment Computer Science Applications lcsh:Biology (General) lcsh:QD1-999 pharmacology business Signal Transduction medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 4067, p 4067 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijms22084067 |
| Popis: | The family of coronaviruses (CoVs) uses the autophagy machinery of host cells to promote their growth and replication; thus, this process stands out as a potential target to combat COVID-19. Considering the different roles of autophagy during viral infection, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, in this review, we discuss several clinically used drugs that have effects at different stages of autophagy. Among them, we mention (1) lysosomotropic agents, which can prevent CoVs infection by alkalinizing the acid pH in the endolysosomal system, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, artemisinins, two-pore channel modulators and imatinib; (2) protease inhibitors that can inhibit the proteolytic cleavage of the spike CoVs protein, which is necessary for viral entry into host cells, such as camostat mesylate, lopinavir, umifenovir and teicoplanin and (3) modulators of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, such as rapamycin, heparin, glucocorticoids, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (IECAs) and cannabidiol. Thus, this review aims to highlight and discuss autophagy-related drugs for COVID-19, from in vitro to in vivo studies. We identified specific compounds that may modulate autophagy and exhibit antiviral properties. We hope that research initiatives and efforts will identify novel or “off-label” drugs that can be used to effectively treat patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, reducing the risk of mortality. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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