Concentrations of legacy and emerging flame retardants in air and soil on a transect in the UK West Midlands
Autor: | Seth Newton, Daniel S. Drage, Cynthia A. de Wit, Stuart Harrad |
---|---|
Rok vydání: | 2015 |
Předmět: |
Pollution
Environmental Engineering PBDEs 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Soil test Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis media_common.quotation_subject 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Soil chemistry.chemical_compound Polybrominated diphenyl ethers 11. Sustainability HBCD Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers Environmental Chemistry Soil Pollutants Organic matter Transect 0105 earth and related environmental sciences media_common Flame Retardants chemistry.chemical_classification HBCDD Air Soil organic matter Urbanization Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health General Medicine General Chemistry 15. Life on land Dechlorane plus Miljövetenskap United Kingdom Congener chemistry 13. Climate action Environmental chemistry Environmental science EFRs Environmental Sciences Water Pollutants Chemical Environmental Monitoring |
Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 148 |
ISSN: | 1879-1298 |
Popis: | Passive air samples were collected monthly for 6 months from 8 sites along a transect of Birmingham, United Kingdom between June 2012 and January 2013. Soil samples were collected once at each site. Average concentrations of BDE-209, ΣPBDEs17:183 and ΣPBDEs in ambient air were 150, 49, and 180 pg m(-3), respectively. Atmospheric concentrations of PBDEs were negatively correlated with distance from the city centre, exhibiting an "urban pulse". The average ΣHBCDD air concentration was 100 pg m(-3), however concentrations were not correlated with distance from the city centre. Several emerging flame retardants (EFRs) were identified in air and/or soil samples: 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (BEH-TEBP), 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2 dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (TBECH or DBE-DBCH), allyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (ATE), 2-bromoallyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (BATE), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), and dechlorane plus (DP or DDC-CO). Average concentrations of BDE-209, ΣPBDEs17:183 and ΣPBDEs in soil were 11, 3.6, and 15 ng g(-1) soil organic matter. PBDE concentrations in soil were higher at sites closest to the city centre, however correlations with distance from the city centre were not significant. BDEs-47 and -99 contributed more to ΣPBDEs in soil samples than air samples, but in both, the predominant congener was BDE-209. BATE was more abundant in air than soil but ATE was abundant in soil but not air. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
Externí odkaz: |