| Zdroj: |
Barry, T J, Hallford, D J & Takano, K 2021, ' Autobiographical Memory Impairments as a Transdiagnostic Feature of Mental Illness : A Meta-Analytic Review of Investigations Into Autobiographical Memory Specificity and Overgenerality Among People With Psychiatric Diagnoses ', Psychological Bulletin, vol. 147, no. 10, pp. 1054-1074 . https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000345 |
| Popis: |
Decades of research has examined the difficulty that people with psychiatric diagnoses have in recalling specific autobiographical memories of events that lasted less than a day. Instead, they seem to retrievegeneral events that have occurred many times or which occurred over longer periods of time, termedovergeneral memory. We present the first transdiagnostic meta-analysis of memory specificity/overgeneralityand the first meta-regression of proposed causal mechanisms. A keyword search of Embase,PsycARTICLES, and PsycINFO databases yielded 74 studies that compared people with and withoutpsychiatric diagnoses on the retrieval of specific (k = 85) or general memories (k = 56). The majority ofstudies included participants with Major Depressive Disorder (∼49%), Schizophrenia (∼19%), andPosttraumatic Stress Disorder (∼17%) with few studies involving other groups of participants, for example,Anxiety Disorders (∼5%). Multilevel meta-analysis confirmed that people with psychiatric diagnosestypically recall fewer specific, g = −0.864, 95% CI [−1.030, −0.698], and more general, g = 712,95% CI [0.524, 0.900], memories than diagnoses-free people. The size of these effects did not differbetween diagnostic groups. There were no consistent moderators of effect size heterogeneity; effect sizeswere not explained by methodological factors such as cue valence or demographic variables such asparticipants’ age or between-group differences in process variables (e.g., rumination). Deficits in autobiographicalmemory retrieval may be a transdiagnostic factor, but further research in underrepresenteddiagnostic groups, and with novel experimental manipulations of encoding and retrieval processes, iswarranted before full transdiagnosticity and the processes underlying reduced specificity/overgeneralitycan be established |
