Tobacco smoking in seven Latin American cities: the CARMELA study
| Autor: | Ernesto M. Sebrié, Palmira Pramparo, Herman Schargrodsky, Beatriz Champagne, Elinor Wilson, Carlos Boissonnet |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: |
surveillance and monitoring
Adult Male medicine.medical_specialty Health (social science) Latin Americans Urban Population Cross-sectional study Cardiovascular risk factors prevalence World health chronic diseases Sex Factors Environmental health parasitic diseases Epidemiology medicine cross-sectional epidemiological study Humans Risk factor Workplace secondhand tobacco smoke Inhalation Exposure business.industry Data Collection Tobacco control Smoking Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Middle Aged Former Smoker Cross-Sectional Studies Latin America Female Tobacco Smoke Pollution business smoking prevalence Research Paper |
| Zdroj: | Tobacco Control |
| ISSN: | 1468-3318 0964-4563 |
| Popis: | Objective This study aimed to explore tobacco smoking in seven major cities of Latin America. Methods The Cardiovascular Risk Factor Multiple Evaluation in Latin America (CARMELA) study is a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 11 550 adults between 25 and 64 years old in Barquisimeto, Venezuela; Bogota, Colombia; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Lima, Peru; Mexico City, Mexico; Quito, Ecuador; and Santiago, Chile. Tobacco smoking, including cigarettes, cigars and pipes, was surveyed among other cardiovascular risk factors. Results Santiago and Buenos Aires had the highest smoking prevalence (45.4% and 38.6%, respectively); male and female rates were similar. In other cities, men smoked more than women, most markedly in Quito (49.4% of men vs 10.5% of women). Peak male smoking prevalence occurred among the youngest two age groups (25–34 and 35–44 years old). Men and women of Buenos Aires smoked the highest number of cigarettes per day on average (15.7 and 12.4, respectively). Men initiated regular smoking earlier than women in each city (ranges 13.7–20.0 years vs 14.2–21.1 years, respectively). Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke at workplace for more than 5 h per day was higher in Barquisimeto (28.7%), Buenos Aires (26.8%) and Santiago (21.5%). The highest prevalence of former smokers was found among men in Buenos Aires, Santiago and Lima (30.0%, 26.8% and 26.0% respectively). Conclusions Smoking prevalence was high in the seven CARMELA cities, although patterns of smoking varied among cities. A major health and economic burden is inevitable in urban Latin America unless effective comprehensive tobacco control measures recommended by the World Health Organisation Framework Convention on Tobacco Control are implemented. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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