Inadequacy of Immune Health Nutrients: Intakes in US Adults, the 2005–2016 NHANES

Autor: Ray-Yuan Chung, Prasad P. Devarshi, Susan Hazels Mitmesser, Ryan W. Grant, Carroll A. Reider
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Male
Time Factors
medicine.medical_treatment
Review
vitamin E
nutritional adequacy
Recommended Dietary Allowances
vitamin A
chemistry.chemical_compound
Eating
Nutrient
Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Micronutrients
education.field_of_study
Nutrition and Dietetics
zinc
Vitamins
Middle Aged
Micronutrient
Nutrition Surveys
Dietary Reference Intake
vitamin C vitamin D
nutrient deficiencies
Female
lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply
Vitamin
Adult
Population
lcsh:TX341-641
nutrient shortfalls
dietary supplements
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
Immune system
Environmental health
medicine
Vitamin D and neurology
micronutrient
NHANES
Humans
education
030109 nutrition & dietetics
business.industry
Vitamin E
Nutritional Requirements
Health Surveys
United States
030104 developmental biology
chemistry
Immune System
immune
business
Food Science
Zdroj: Nutrients
Nutrients, Vol 12, Iss 1735, p 1735 (2020)
ISSN: 2072-6643
Popis: A well-functioning immune system is essential for human health and well-being. Micronutrients such as vitamins A, C, D, E, and zinc have several functions throughout the immune system, yet inadequate nutrient intakes are pervasive in the US population. A large body of research shows that nutrient inadequacies can impair immune function and weaken the immune response. Here, we present a new analysis of micronutrient usual intake estimates based on nationally representative data in 26,282 adults (>19 years) from the 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Overall, the prevalence of inadequacy (% of population below estimated average requirement [EAR]) in four out of five key immune nutrients is substantial. Specifically, 45% of the U.S. population had a prevalence of inadequacy for vitamin A, 46% for vitamin C, 95% for vitamin D, 84% for vitamin E, and 15% for zinc. Dietary supplements can help address nutrient inadequacy for these immune-support nutrients, demonstrated by a lower prevalence of individuals below the EAR. Given the long-term presence and widening of nutrient gaps in the U.S.—specifically in critical nutrients that support immune health—public health measures should adopt guidelines to ensure an adequate intake of these micronutrients. Future research is needed to better understand the interactions and complexities of multiple nutrient shortfalls on immune health and assess and identify optimal levels of intake in at-risk populations.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: