Public health for paediatricians: population screening
| Autor: | Allison Streetly, Vaishnavee Madden |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
UK National Screening Committee Male medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Population Prenatal care Disease Pediatrics 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Surveys and Questionnaires medicine Humans Mass Screening 030212 general & internal medicine education Psychiatry Child Mass screening education.field_of_study business.industry Public health Infant Newborn Infant Prenatal Care 030104 developmental biology Health promotion Family medicine Child Preschool Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Needs assessment Female Public Health business Needs Assessment |
| Zdroj: | Archives of disease in childhood. Education and practice edition. 101(6) |
| ISSN: | 1743-0593 |
| Popis: | The concept of population screening—proactive identification of a condition, disease or predisease state in individuals who presume themselves to be healthy but may benefit from early treatment—is a simple one. The translation of this into a screening programme often raises ethical, conceptual and practical challenges. For clinicians used to dealing with patients symptomatically, there are several key differences to understand between treating patients symptomatically compared with the approach to supporting the delivery of a screening programme. There is a range of definitions of screening, which may be a source of confusion. McKeown defined screening as ‘medical intervention which does not arise from a patient's request for advice for a specific complaint’.1 This may cover (a) research for the validation of a procedure or (b) tests done for public health reasons, for example, to identify the source of infection in a food outbreak or (c) as a direct contribution to the health of the individual. This third meaning is now the most common. The UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC) defines screening as follows: ‘Screening is the process of identifying healthy people who may be at increased risk of the disease or condition. The screening provider then offers information, further tests and treatment to reduce associated risks or complications’.2 Raffle AE and Gray JAM3 emphasises the point that the population screened believe themselves to be well but widens the purpose of screening to include both (i) to reduce the risk of future ill health, for example, when adults are screened for hypertension, the intervention involves risks with drugs and the risk of stroke is reduced or (ii) to give information, even though the risk cannot be changed, for example, when a pregnant woman who would not contemplate termination of pregnancy chooses to be screened for Down's syndrome, in … |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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