Corrosion-Fouling of 316 Stainless Steel and Pure Iron by Hot Oil
| Autor: | Bruce A. Newman, Anne Hoff, Mike Hazelton, Chris M. B. Holt, Alan Kubis, David Mitlin, Tyler Stephenson, Paul Eaton, Marzie Derakhshesh, Murray R. Gray |
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| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Chromium
Metal dissolution 316 stainless steel Materials science Iron General Chemical Engineering Degree of corrosion Energy Engineering and Power Technology Chromium oxides Fraction (chemistry) Iron sulfide Fouling process Gas bubble Crude oil Stainless steel Corrosion Metal chemistry.chemical_compound Wire Outer layer Corrosion resistant alloys Hot oil Micro-scales Microscale chemistry Liquid baths Fouling Metallurgy Coke Wire surfaces Macro scale Fuel Technology Growth stress chemistry Pure iron visual_art visual_art.visual_art_medium Layer (electronics) Dissolution Sulfur |
| Zdroj: | Energy & Fuels. 25:4540-4551 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5029 0887-0624 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/ef200823j |
| Popis: | We examined the fouling and corrosion that took place when 316 stainless steel and pure iron wires were electrically heated to 540-680 °C in a liquid bath of the atmospheric bottoms fraction of a crude oil. The foulant was determined to be heterogeneous, with a thick macroscale outer layer of pitch, covering a microscale sheath of coke, which was in turn both covering and interspersed with a microscale layer of iron sulfide. This foulant was observed to delaminate from the wire surface, presumably as a result of both the generation of growth stresses and the action of gas bubbles that were evolved during the fouling process. Unexpectedly but conclusively, we observed that the underlying wire surface was heavily corroded. In the case of the stainless steel, we observed a microscale chromium oxide layer that separated the foulant from the underlying metal. This layer presumably reduced the rate of metal dissolution. The degree of corrosion was much higher in the pure iron samples, where such a layer did not exist. Our hypothesis is that there is a synergy between the measured macroscopic fouling and the underlying microscopic corrosion, where the iron from the wire reacts with the sulfur in the oil to build up the thick sulfide. © 2011 American Chemical Society. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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