Maternal dietary deficiency of n-3 fatty acids affects metabolic and epigenetic phenotypes of the developing fetus
Autor: | Sanjay Basak, Asim K. Duttaroy, Srinivas Vilasagaram |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty Offspring Linoleic acid Clinical Biochemistry Population Embryonic Development India 030209 endocrinology & metabolism Biology Energy homeostasis Epigenesis Genetic 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Pregnancy Internal medicine Fatty Acids Omega-3 medicine Humans Lactation education Maternal-Fetal Exchange Brain Chemistry chemistry.chemical_classification education.field_of_study 030109 nutrition & dietetics alpha-Linolenic acid Brain Fatty acid Placentation Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Cell Biology Endocrinology chemistry Female Polyunsaturated fatty acid |
Zdroj: | Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 158:102109 |
ISSN: | 0952-3278 |
Popis: | Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play multiple physiological roles. They regulate the structure and function of cell membranes and cell growth and proliferation, and apoptosis. In addition, PUFAs are involved in cellular signaling, gene expression and serve as precursors to second messengers such as eicosanoids, docosanoids etc. and regulate several physiological processes including placentation, inflammation, immunity, angiogenesis, platelet function, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, bone formation, energy homeostasis, pain sensitivity, stress, and cognitive functions. Linoleic acid, 18:2n-6 (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid, 18:3n-3 (ALA) are the two essential fatty acids obtained from the diets and subsequently their long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are accumulated in the body. The maternal plasma LCPUFAs especially accumulated in larger amounts in the brain during the third trimester of pregnancy via the placenta and postnatally from mother's breast milk. Various studies, including ours, suggest PUFA's important role in placentation, as well as in growth and development of the offspring. However, intakes of maternal n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy and lactation are much lower in India compared with the Western population. In India, n-3 fatty acid status is further reduced by higher intake of n-6 PUFA rich oils and trans fats. More data on the impacts of long term maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency on placental structure and function, gene expression, epigenetic changes and resultant cognitive function of fetus & infants are emerging. This review summarizes the impacts of n-3 PUFA deficiency in utero on fetal growth and development, adiposity, energy metabolism, musculoskeletal development, and epigenetic changes in feto-placental axis from the recently available pre-clinical and clinical data. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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