Formaldehyde scavengers for cleaner production: A case study focused on the leather industry
| Autor: | Lluís Ollé, Sara Cuadros, Joaquim Font, Albert M. Manich, Anna Bacardit, Agustí Marsal |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria d'Igualada, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Càtedra A3 - Càtedra A3, A3 Chair in Leather Innovation |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Textile
Formic acid Strategy and Management Chemical structure Wood industries Formaldehyde 02 engineering and technology Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Scavenger chemistry.chemical_compound Enginyeria química [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] Hydroxylamine Formaldehyde resins otorhinolaryngologic diseases Gallic acid General Environmental Science Cleaner production Formaldehid Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment 020502 materials technology industry and agriculture Tanning 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Pulp and paper industry Adoberia Formaldehyde content reduction Leather 0205 materials engineering chemistry Pyrogallol Cuir 0210 nano-technology Scavengers Acid dye |
| Zdroj: | Repositorio Abierto de la UdL Universitad de Lleida Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya instname UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Recercat: Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya) |
| ISSN: | 0959-6526 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.109 |
| Popis: | Due to its carcinogenic character, the presence of formaldehyde in leather continues to be a subject of great concern. By using formaldehyde scavengers, it is possible to reduce the formaldehyde content in leather. In this work, the potential ability of three different compounds (ethylene urea, pyrogallol and gallic acid) to reduce the formaldehyde content in splits leathers treated with formaldehyde resins (melamine-formaldehyde and dicyandiamide-formaldehyde) is assessed. This capacity is compared with that of a fourth scavenger (hydroxylamine sulphate) already used in tanneries. The evolution of the formaldehyde content with time is also considered, as well as the potential coadjuvant effect of other compounds such as mimosa extract and an acid dye (Acid Black 234). Hydroxylamine sulphate initially showed the highest ability to reduce formaldehyde content. However, after a certain time, this ability proved to be inferior to the ability of other compounds due to the reversibility of the reaction between hydroxylamine and formaldehyde. Pyrogallol showed a higher ability than gallic acid when used in the final wash of leather processing. However, the treatment with pyrogallol results in a darkening of the leather; this darkening limits its use. Gallic acid may be a good alternative to formic acid as the final fixing agent in leather processing when the presence of formaldehyde in leathers is suspected. The use of gallic acid in the final wash or as a fixing agent fulfils the formaldehyde content limit (65–75¿mg/kg) of the major brands in leather goods in direct contact with the skin. The addition of 2% of gallic acid in the final wash of leather processing resulted in formaldehyde content reductions that varied from 65% to 85%. However, further experiments are required to assess the influence of gallic acid on the fastness properties and the coloration acquired by the treated leathers. The joint effect of gallic acid in the final wash or as a fixing agent and mimosa extract as a retanning agent in formaldehyde content reduction is even enhanced by subsequently using a dye with amino groups in its chemical structure. Reducing the formaldehyde content by using scavengers can contribute to the achievement of a cleaner production in those sectors (leather, textile, wood) that use formaldehyde resins. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect