Rain amplification of persistent organic pollutants
| Autor: | Begoña Jiménez, Jordi Dachs, Gemma Casas, Maria Vila-Costa, Alícia Martinez-Varela |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC]
PBDEs Rain Amplification Contaminants orgànics de l'aigua Article OPEs Persistent Organic Pollutants Adsorption PAHs Contaminants persistents PFASs Organic water pollutants Snow Environmental Chemistry PCBs Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) Scavenging Pollutant Air Pollutants Aire--Contaminació General Chemistry Polychlorinated Biphenyls Persistent pollutants Deposition (aerosol physics) Environmental chemistry Wet deposition Environmental science Antarctica Air--Pollution Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname Environmental Science & Technology |
| ISSN: | 2015-7053 |
| Popis: | Scavenging of gas- and aerosol-phase organic pollutants by rain is an efficient wet deposition mechanism of organic pollutants. However, whereas snow has been identified as a key amplification mechanism of fugacities in cold environments, rain has received less attention in terms of amplification of organic pollutants. In this work, we provide new measurements of concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rain from Antarctica, showing high scavenging ratios. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of previously published concentrations in air and rain was performed, with 46 works covering different climatic regions and a wide range of chemical classes, including PFAS, OPEs, PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine compounds, polybromodiphenyl ethers, and dioxins. The rain–aerosol (KRP) and rain–gas (KRG) partition constants averaged 105.5 and 104.1, respectively, but showed large variability. The high field-derived values of KRG are consistent with adsorption onto the raindrops as a scavenging mechanism, in addition to gas–water absorption. The amplification of fugacities by rain deposition was up to 3 orders of magnitude for all chemical classes and was comparable to that due to snow. The amplification of concentrations and fugacities by rain underscores its relevance, explaining the occurrence of organic pollutants in environments across different climatic regions. We thank the staff of the Marine Technology Unit (UTM-CSIC) for their logistical support during the sampling campaign at Livingston Island, M. Pizarro for technical assistance, and The State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) for the meteorological assistance. This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of science to G.C. and A.M.-V. through predoctoral fellowships and projects SENTINEL (CTM2015-70535-P) and ANTOM (PGC2018-096612-B-l00). This research is part of POLARCSIC activities. The research group of Global Change and Genomic Biogeochemistry receives support from the Catalan Government (2017SGR800). Special thanks to TERNUA for sponsoring technical eco-friendly clothing and gear equipment for Antarctic campaigns. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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