Environmental occurrence, analysis and toxicology of toxaphene compounds
| Autor: | E. Nixon, J. de Boer, Brendan McHugh, J. Klungsøyr, H.J. de Geus, H.T. Besselink, P.G. Wester, G.G. Rimkus, A. Brouwer |
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| Přispěvatelé: | BioAnalytical Chemistry, Chemistry and Biology, Institute for Environmental Studies |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 1999 |
| Předmět: |
Chromatography
Gas Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Chlorinated bornanes education Legislation 010501 environmental sciences Kidney Toxicology 01 natural sciences Mass Spectrometry Toxaphene chemistry.chemical_compound 03 medical and health sciences Thuja Occurrence Endocrine Glands Terminology as Topic Animals Humans Netherlands Institute for Fisheries Research Individual congeners Toxicologie 030304 developmental biology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences 0303 health sciences Nomenclature 010401 analytical chemistry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Brain Camphenes Stereoisomerism Biodiversity Analyse 0104 chemical sciences 3. Good health chemistry Arctic Liver 13. Climate action Environmental chemistry Rijksinstituut voor Visserijonderzoek Fish Food Analysis Analysis Research Article Drugs Chinese Herbal |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Health Perspectives, 107(Supplement 1), 115-144 Environmental Health Perspectives, 107(1), 115-144. Public Health Services, US Dept of Health and Human Services Environmental Health Perspectives 107 (1999) Supplement 1 Environmental Health Perspectives de Geus, H J, Besselink, H T, Brouwer, A, Klungsoyr, J, McHugh, B, Nixon, E, Rimkus, G G, Wester, P G & de Boer, J 1999, ' Environmental Occurrence, Analysis and Toxicology of Toxaphene Compounds ', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 115-144 . https://doi.org/10.2307/3434478 |
| ISSN: | 0091-6765 |
| DOI: | 10.2307/3434478 |
| Popis: | Peer-reviewed Toxaphene production, in quantities similar to those of polychlorinated biphenyls, has resulted in high toxaphene levels in fish from the Great Lakes and in Arctic marine mammals (up to 10 and 16 microg g-1 lipid). Because of the large variabiliity in total toxaphene data, few reliable conclusions can be drawn about trends or geographic differences in toxaphene concentrations. New developments in mass spectrometric detection using either negative chemical ionization or electron impact modes as well as in multidimensional gas chromatography have recently led researchers to suggest congener-specific approaches. Several nomenclature systems have been developed for toxaphene compounds. Although all systems have specific advantages and limitations, it is suggested that an international body, such as the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, make an attempt to obtain uniformity in the literature. Toxicologic information on individual chlorobornanes is scarce, but some reports have recently appeared. Neurotoxic effects of toxaphene exposure such as those on behavior and learning have been reported. Technical toxaphene and some individual congeners were found to be weakly estrogenic in in vitro test systems; no evidence for endocrine effects in vivo has been reported. In vitro studies show technical toxaphene and toxaphene congeners to be mutagenic. However, in vivo studies have not shown genotoxicity; therefore, a nongenotoxic mechanism is proposed. Nevertheless, toxaphene is believed to present a potential carcinogenic risk to humans. Until now, only Germany has established a legal tolerance level for toxaphene--0.1 mg kg-1 wet weight for fish. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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