HIV-1 detection in the olfactory mucosa of HIV-1-infected participants
| Autor: | Mattia Trunfio, Daniele Imperiale, Valeria Ghisetti, Tiziano Allice, Laura P. Kincer, Enrica Amasio, Gianluigi Zanusso, Sebastiano Catera, Giovanni Di Perri, Paola Cassoni, Stefano Bonora, Sarah B. Joseph, Andrea Calcagno, Luca Bertero, Veronica Pirriatore |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male HIV respiratory tract olfactory mucosa central nervous system persistence reservoir 0301 basic medicine Immunology Central nervous system HIV Infections Peripheral blood mononuclear cell Plasma 03 medical and health sciences Olfactory mucosa 0302 clinical medicine Cerebrospinal fluid medicine Humans Immunology and Allergy 030212 general & internal medicine Cerebrospinal Fluid biology business.industry Middle Aged 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases medicine.anatomical_structure HIV-1 biology.protein RNA Viral Immunohistochemistry Female business Olfactory marker protein CD8 Respiratory tract |
| Zdroj: | AIDS. 33:665-674 |
| ISSN: | 0269-9370 |
| Popis: | Objective HIV infection chronically affects the central nervous system (CNS). Olfactory mucosa is a unique site in the respiratory tract that is directly connected to the CNS; thus we wanted to evaluate olfactory mucosa as a surrogate of CNS sampling. Design We conducted a preliminary study examining HIV populations and susceptible cells in the olfactory mucosa. Methods Olfactory mucosa was sampled by minimally invasive brushing. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses were performed as per routine clinical procedures. Olfactory marker protein, CD4+, CD8+, and trans-activator of transcription (TAT) expressions were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Plasma, CSF, and olfactory mucosa HIV-RNA were quantified using the Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan assay, whereas HIV proviral DNA was evaluated on peripheral blood mononuclear cell and olfactory mucosa. HIV-1 env deep sequencing was performed for phylogenetic analysis. Results Among ART-naive participants, 88.2% (15/17), and among ART-treated participants, 21.4% (6/28) had detectable HIV-RNA in samples from their olfactory mucosa; CSF escape was more common in patients with olfactory mucosa escape (50 vs. 7.9%; P = 0.010). Olfactory mucosa samples contained few cells positive for CD4, CD8, or HIV-DNA, and no HIV TAT-positive cells, indicating that this approach efficiently samples virions in the olfactory mucosa, but not HIV-infected cells. Yet, using a deep sequencing approach to phylogenetically compare partial HIV env genes in five untreated participants, we identified distinct viral lineages in the OM. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that nasal brushing is a well tolerated and useful technique for sampling the olfactory mucosa. HIV-RNA was detected in most naive and in some treated patients, warranting larger longitudinal studies. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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