Neural predictors of substance use disorders in Young adulthood
| Autor: | Jessica W. O'Brien, Shirley Y. Hill |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Offspring Substance-Related Disorders Emotions Neuroscience (miscellaneous) Prefrontal Cortex Amygdala behavioral disciplines and activities Article 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Reward Social cognition Risk Factors mental disorders medicine Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Longitudinal Studies Young adult Family history Age of Onset Psychiatry Proportional Hazards Models Proportional hazards model Brain Organ Size Magnetic Resonance Imaging 030227 psychiatry Psychiatry and Mental health medicine.anatomical_structure Regression Analysis Orbitofrontal cortex Female Age of onset Psychology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging. 268 |
| ISSN: | 1872-7506 |
| Popis: | Offspring from multiplex, alcohol-dependent families are at heightened risk for substance use disorders (SUDs) in adolescence and young adulthood. These high-risk offspring have also been shown to have atypical structure and function of brain regions implicated in emotion regulation, social cognition, and reward processing. This study assessed the relationship between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) volumes obtained in adolescence and SUD outcomes in young adulthood among high-risk offspring and low-risk controls. A total of 78 participants (40 high-risk; 38 low-risk) from a longitudinal family study, ages 8-19, underwent magnetic resonance imaging; volumes of the amygdala and OFC were obtained with manual tracing. SUD outcomes were assessed at approximately yearly intervals. Cox regression survival analyses were used to assess the effect of regional brain volumes on SUD outcomes. The ratio of OFC to amygdala volume significantly predicted SUD survival time across the sample; reduction in survival time was seen in those with smaller ratios for both high-risk and low-risk groups. Morphology of prefrontal relative to limbic regions in adolescence prospectively predicts age of onset for substance use disorders. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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