Prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome and partial fetal alcohol syndrome in a Rocky Mountain Region City
| Autor: | Wendy O. Kalberg, J. Phillip Gossage, Melanie A. Manning, Carol Keaster, Marita Brooks, David Buckley, Philip A. May, H. Eugene Hoyme, Jason Blankenship, Julie M. Hasken, Luther K. Robinson, Joelene Goodover, Rosemary Bozeman |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty Maternal risk factors Alcohol Drinking Fetal alcohol syndrome Mothers Toxicology Article Child Development Pregnancy Risk Factors medicine Prevalence Humans Pharmacology (medical) Child Depression (differential diagnoses) Pharmacology business.industry Case-control study medicine.disease Child development Educational attainment United States Cognitive test Psychiatry and Mental health Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Case-Control Studies Female business Demography |
| Zdroj: | Drug and alcohol dependence. 155 |
| ISSN: | 1879-0046 |
| Popis: | Background The prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial FAS (PFAS) in the United States (US) are not well known. Methods This active case ascertainment study in a Rocky Mountain Region City assessed the prevalence and traits of children with FAS and PFAS and linked them to maternal risk factors. Diagnoses made by expert clinical dysmorphologists in multidisciplinary case conferences utilized all components of the study: dysmorphology and physical growth, neurobehavior, and maternal risk interviews. Results Direct parental (active) consent was obtained for 1278 children. Averages for key physical diagnostic traits and several other minor anomalies were significantly different among FAS, PFAS, and randomly-selected, normal controls. Cognitive tests and behavioral checklists discriminated the diagnostic groups from controls on 12 of 14 instruments. Mothers of children with FAS and PFAS were significantly lower in educational attainment, shorter, later in pregnancy recognition, and suffered more depression, and used marijuana and methamphetamine during their pregnancy. Most pre-pregnancy and pregnancy drinking measures were worse for mothers of FAS and PFAS. Excluding a significant difference in simply admitting drinking during the index pregnancy (FAS and PFAS = 75% vs. 39.4% for controls), most quantitative intergroup differences merely approached significance. This community's prevalence of FAS is 2.9–7.5 per 1000, PFAS is 7.9–17.7 per 1000, and combined prevalence is 10.9–25.2 per 1000 or 1.1–2.5%. Conclusions Comprehensive, active case ascertainment methods produced rates of FAS and PFAS higher than predicted by long-standing, popular estimates. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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