Deuterated water imaging of the rat brain following metabolism of [ 2 H 7 ]glucose

Autor: Rohit Mahar, Anthony G. Giacalone, Huadong Zeng, Thomas H. Mareci, Matthew E. Merritt, Mukundan Ragavan
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 85:3049-3059
ISSN: 1522-2594
0740-3194
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28700
Popis: Purpose To determine whether deuterated water (HDO) generated from the metabolism of [2 H7 ]glucose is a sensitive biomarker of cerebral glycolysis and oxidative flux. Methods A bolus of [2 H7 ]glucose was injected through the tail vein at 1.95 g/kg into Sprague-Dawley rats. A 2 H surface coil was placed on top of the head to record 2 H spectra of the brain every 1.3 minutes to measure glucose uptake and metabolism to HDO, lactate, and glutamate/glutamine. A two-point Dixon method based on a gradient-echo sequence was used to reconstruct deuterated glucose and water (HDO) images selectively. Results The background HDO signal could be detected and imaged before glucose injection. The 2 H NMR spectra showed arrival of [2 H7 ]glucose and its metabolism in a time-dependent manner. A ratio of the HDO to glutamate/glutamine resonances demonstrates a pseudo-steady state following injection, in which cerebral metabolism dominates wash-in of HDO generated by peripheral metabolism. Brain spectroscopy reveals that HDO generation is linear with lactate and glutamate/glutamine appearance in the appropriate pseudo-steady state window. Selective imaging of HDO and glucose is easily accomplished using a gradient-echo method. Conclusion Metabolic imaging of HDO, as a marker of glucose, lactate, and glutamate/glutamine metabolism, has been shown here for the first time. Cerebral glucose metabolism can be assessed efficiently using a standard gradient-echo sequence that provides superior in-plane resolution compared with CSI-based techniques.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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