| Autor: |
H. Wershofen, J. L. Gascón, Y. Bourlat, M. Magnoni, M.J. Woods, Michael Youngman, D. Andrew, J. Desmond, G. Sutton, P. De Felice, Aldo Fazio, D. S. Popplewell, R. S. Grieve, R. Bojanowski, A. R. Byrne, Dirk Arnold, K. J. Odell, Simon Jerome, I. Adsley, A. S. Holmes, M.T. Crespo, I. Poupaki, M. W. Wakerley, J. Toole, M. Korun |
| Rok vydání: |
1998 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 49:1295-1300 |
| ISSN: |
0969-8043 |
| DOI: |
10.1016/s0969-8043(97)10063-x |
| Popis: |
The characterisation of an intertidal sediment, containing enhanced levels of radioactivity, collected from the Cumbrian coast of the U.K. by the Laboratory of the Government Chemist for the Department of the Environment is described. A wide variety of radiochemical and instrumental techniques were used including α-spectrometry, β-counting, liquid scintillation counting, γ-spectrometry, X-ray spectrometry and mass spectrometry. To derive mean values of the activity concentrations of radionuclides in the material, use was made of the technique developed by Woods and Munster. This technique first critically evaluates data for technical suitability. Then, to avoid excessive manipulation of data, calculation of the weighted (the statistical weighting is the inverse of the squared uncertainties, limited so that no one result contributes more than 50%) and unweighted means is performed, along with a χ2 test. If the value of χ2/(n−1) 2 determinations, 3 with 2 determinations and 2 with single determinations. Emphasis is placed where data appeared to be discrepant (e.g. 40K and 137Cs), where widely different measurement techniques were employed (e.g. the actinides), where there were analytical “difficulties” (e.g. uranium) or where the radionuclide is not commonly measured (e.g. 155Eu, 237Np and 241Pu). The material is now available to laboratories as a reference material and it is anticipated that it will be used to validate existing procedures and to research new methods of analysis. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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Full Text from ScienceDirect