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Summary This paper extends the classic pressure-decline analysis to the more complex case where the minifracture is initiated near the interface of two formations and penetrates two or more formation layers of different leakoff characteristics. The development shows that the classic analysis is still valid, but it gives an effective or average leakoff coefficient that depends on the areal extent of the minifracture at the end of pumping in each individual layer. Examples demonstrate how to estimate individual layer leakoff coefficients with this theory, minifracture pressure-decline field data, and the fracture geometry predicted by a 3D fracturing simulator. Finally, the results obtained are used to explain field fracturing observations. |
