Validation of pharmacological activity and anti-pollution effect of ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica leaf

Autor: Bong Jeon An, Ga Eun Park, Hyun Jeong Kim, Dong In Kim, Ji-Hye Lee, Eun Bin Kang, Ki Sung Kwak, Jin A Hyun
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: Korean Journal of Food Preservation. 27:393-406
ISSN: 2287-7428
1738-7248
DOI: 10.11002/kjfp.2020.27.3.393
Popis: In this study, we investigated the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, whitening, anti-wrinkle, and anti-pollution effects of Neem tree (i.e., Azadirachta indica leaf) 70% ethanol extract. More specifically, the polyphenol content was 51.37 mg/g, and the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 34.09 and 72.18%, respectively, at a final concentration of 1,000 μg/mL. SOD experiments showed an effect of 24.13% at a final concentration of 1,000 μg/mL. In addition, to investigate the whitening effect, the tyrosinase inhibition effect was measured, giving a value of 47.21% at a final concentration of 1,000 μg/mL. Furthermore, MTT assay experiments were carried out on macrophages (RAW 264.7) to determine the cytotoxicity using the neem tree leaf extract, it was confirmed that the cell viability was unaffected up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Moreover, anti-inflammatory (NO) analysis of the cells using macrophages stimulated with LPS induced an inflammatory response of 68.86%, in addition to an anti-inflammatory activity of 66.45% at a final concentration of 100 μg/mL. The iNOS protein showed an inhibition rate of 97.49% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, and in the cytotoxicity assay (MTT assay) using keratinocytes (HaCaT), the cell viability was similar to that of the untreated control at 10 μg/mL. Western blotting analysis confirmed the inhibition rate of MMP-1. Additionally, HaCaT and CCD-986sk human skin cells were stimulated with benzo[e]pyrene, which contains fine dust and heavy metals, and then treated with neem tree extract to measure the effect of the extract on the cell viability. Indeed, the anti-pollution efficacy of the extract was confirmed. Overall, the benzo[e]pyrene-stimulated cells presented improvements of >92 and 81% for the HaCaT and CCD cells at a concentration of 25 μg/mL, while improvements were observed at a concentration of 100 μg/mL HaCaT for fine dust-stimulated cells. Moreover, HaCaT cell and CCD cells showed improvements of more than 85 and 76%, respectively. The obtained results therefore indicate that Neem tree 70% ethanol extract is expected to have value for application in cosmetics due to its pharmacological activity and its fine dust-blocking properties.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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