Impact of Probiotics and Gut Microbiota on Host Behavior
| Autor: | Sakshi Sharma, Sarabjit Singh Kanwar, Sohini Walia |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Gastrointestinal tract biology Gut flora medicine.disease biology.organism_classification law.invention 03 medical and health sciences Probiotic 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Lactobacillus rhamnosus Neuroimmune system law Immunology medicine 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology Enteric nervous system Irritable bowel syndrome |
| Zdroj: | Microbes in Food and Health ISBN: 9783319252759 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/978-3-319-25277-3_2 |
| Popis: | Probiotic bacteria are living organisms that inhabit the gut and contribute towards the health of the host. The idea that implanting the intestines with probiotic bacteria may improve quality of life and mental health is not a new one. Accumulating clinical evidences suggest that probiotics can modulate the stress response and improve mood and anxiety symptoms in patients with chronic fatigue and irritable bowel syndrome. One such organism is Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1), which has shown antidepressant and anxiolytic-like properties in mice as observed recently. Probiotic supplementation can also lead to significant improvement in motor coordination and spontaneous locomotor activity, in addition to reduction in anxiety and cognitive behavior in rats. There are increasing, but largely indirect, evidences to point out the effect of commensal gut microbiota on the central nervous system. Microbes in gastrointestinal (GI) tract which constitute normal gut microbiota are represented by a wide variety of bacterial species. Emerging studies have shown that probiotic bacteria can directly communicate with the central nervous system by way of the vagal sensory nerve fibers and the peripheral immune system. Indeed, experimental studies have shown that even minute doses of these bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract are capable of influencing neurotransmission. Probiotic bacteria and gut microbiota can exert numerous effects on the intestinal neuroimmune system and influence a variety of host functions such as metabolic activity, immune response, and physiological functions. Thus, the emerging concept of probiotics on “microbiota–gut–brain axis” provides a novel insight for improved understanding of their potential role in psychological disorders. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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