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Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on clinical studies of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antiviral drugs and the HBV genotype. Infection in three groups of treated patients are considered—namely, (1) liver transplant recipients given HBV to prevent re-infection, (2) chronic HBV infected patients, and (3) HBV/human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-coinfected patients. The chapter explores the emergence of HBV drug resistance against lamivudine in a range of patient groups. A range of nucleoside analogues have activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV), including lamivudine, famciclovir, and entecavir. Differences in the dynamics of emergence of resistance between transplant and non-transplant patients have been identified through detailed virological monitoring and genotypic analysis of HBV polymerase. The monotherapy drug pressure selects for a wide range of viral species, the presence of which compromise subsequent nucleoside analogue therapy. It is essential that the new strategies for therapy of HBV are based on highly potent combination regimens, thereby reducing the risk of emergence of drug resistance. |
