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Molecular genetic testing is an essential component of modern practical oncology. It is aimed at individualized therapy prescription and can significantly improve the life expectancy of patients. The analyzed molecular events include alterations affecting single genes (EGFR, KRAS, etc.), as well as integral characteristics of tumor genome, for example, total tumor mutation burden (TMB) or deficiency of certain types of DNA repair (microsatellite instability, homologous DNA recombination deficiency, etc.). The spectrum of clinically relevant genetic markers continues to expand, and some of them acquire the status of "agnostic", i.e., applicable to tumors of various origin. As a consequence, there is a trend toward substitution of individual gene testing with the use of multigene panels allowing simultaneous assessment of all significant predictive markers. |
