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This paper presents experimental studies involving high pressure gaseous releases with specific attention to the non-adiabatic character of the process approaching cryogenic temperatures, especially when the influence of heat exchange with ambient air becomes important. A small-scale facility is designed and constructed to simulate the transient blow-down of a cryogenic fluid through a small break. Gaseous and liquid nitrogen were planned to be used as a surrogate material for GH2 and LH2. The experimental results complement the quasi-stationary safety regulation tests and provide time-dependent data for verification of the theoretical models. Different orifice sizes (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 mm) and initial vessel (over-) pressures 30–200 bar are used in the tests. The measured time-dependent data for vessel discharge pressure, thrust, discharge mass flow rate, and gas temperatures are compared with a theoretical model for high pressure nitrogen release. This verification for nitrogen also assures the equation of state for hydrogen, which is based on the same methodology. |
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