| Autor: |
Porticella, Norman, Avery, Rosemary Jane, Niederdeppe, Jeff, Greiner-Safi, Amelia, Motasem Kalaji, Mathios, Alan, Sahara Byrne, Dorf, Michael |
| Rok vydání: |
2021 |
| Předmět: |
|
| DOI: |
10.17605/osf.io/2bcfw |
| Popis: |
Trial and use of e-cigarettes among youth who are not users of combustible cigarettes has reached epidemic levels, and e-cigarette product advertisements (ads) have likely played a role. The widespread use of e-cigarettes poses significant harms to the health and well-being of adolescents. Increasing the strength of warning labels on ads for other tobacco products have been found to reduce the appeal of these products among young people, suggesting that they may also be an effective strategy to curb this epidemic among adolescents. One major challenge to the design of stronger and more effective health warnings on e-cigarette ads, however, is the risk that smokers of combustible cigarettes may be deterred from switching completely to e-cigarettes when they could experience major health benefits from doing so. Warnings therefore must communicate the risks of e-cigarettes to youth and non-smokers while also protecting perceptions of the benefits of switching completely to e-cigarettes among combustible cigarette smokers. This paradox presents a challenge for regulators. The goal of this study is to inform the FDA on issues pertaining to e-cigarette warning regulations given this complex population paradox. Targeted outcomes include: -Risk beliefs about combustible and electronic cigarette products -Willingness to use combustible and electronic cigarette products -Perceived benefits of switching from combustible to electronic cigarette products -Intentions to use e-cigarettes to help with smoking cessation We have developed a set of candidate warning messages. The current study will assess the effects of these messages on these targeted outcomes among two populations within the paradox: non-smoking youth and adult smokers. The current study will use a randomized, controlled experiment to test warnings on e-cigarette ads to maximize favorable effects on youth as a critical at-risk population. We will test the effects of warnings in a randomized experiment with a 5between (candidate warnings) x 3within (ad appeals) design, N=1200 youth. We will identify warning labels that increase risk beliefs and reduce use intentions. We will also experimentally test for unintended effects of warnings on e-cigarette with adult cigarette smokers who may be discouraged from switching to e-cigarettes when exposed to some types of warnings. We will conduct a parallel randomized experiment with the same 5between (candidate warnings) x 3within (ad appeals) design, N=1500 adult tobacco users (N=500 e-cigarette users who do not smoke combustible cigarettes, N=500 combustible cigarette smokers who do not use e-cigarettes, and N=500 dual users), to test whether the most effective warnings among youth have any unintended consequences among adult tobacco users. We will test whether youth-effective warning labels influence comparative risks between combustible and e-cigarettes, and intentions/willingness to use both products (switching completely to e-cigarettes, dual use, or continued smoking of combustible cigarettes) among adults. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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