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The first attempt to measure osmotic pressure of animal fluids through molecular concentration or by means of determining their freezing-points dates back about twenty years, when Dreser 1 in 1892 published the results of his investigations on diuresis as dependent on pharmacologic agents. His method, though, was too complicated for practical purposes. The merit of having established freezing-point determination as a definite clinical method of practical value belongs to A. von Koranyi 2 who, five years later, published his fundamental physiologic and clinical investigations on the determination of osmotic pressure of animal fluids by means of lowering their freezing-points. He was the first to show that the freezing-point of normal blood lies at about 0.56 C. below zero, and that blood taken from individuals with healthy kidneys shows a freezing-point varying between 0.55 and 0.58, while, through retention of end-products of metabolism and the thus resulting deterioration of renal function, a rise 3 |
