Lulling immunity, pain, and stress to sleep with cortistatin
| Autor: | Mario Delgado, Elena Gonzalez-Rey, Luciana Souza-Moreira, Marta Pedreño, Virginia Delgado-Maroto |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
business.industry
General Neuroscience Multiple sclerosis Arthritis Inflammation medicine.disease_cause medicine.disease General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Cortistatin Autoimmunity Immune system medicine.anatomical_structure History and Philosophy of Science Neuroimmune system Immunology medicine medicine.symptom business Sensitization |
| Zdroj: | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1351:89-98 |
| ISSN: | 0077-8923 |
| Popis: | Cortistatin is a neuropeptide isolated from cortical brain regions, showing high structural homology and sharing many functions with somatostatin. However, cortistatin exerts unique functions in the central nervous and immune systems, including decreasing locomotor activity, inducing sleep-promoting effects, and deactivating inflammatory and T helper (TH )1/TH 17-driven responses in preclinical models of sepsis, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and colitis. Besides its release by cortical and hippocampal interneurons, cortistatin is produced by macrophages, lymphocytes, and peripheral nociceptive neurons in response to inflammatory stimuli, supporting a physiological role of cortistatin in the immune and nociceptive systems. Cortistatin-deficient mice have been shown to have exacerbated nociceptive responses to neuropathic and inflammatory pain sensitization. However, a paradoxical effect has been observed in studies of immune disorders, in which, despite showing competent inflammatory/autoreactive responses, cortistatin-deficient mice were partially resistant to systemic autoimmunity and inflammation. This unexpected phenotype was associated with elevated circulating glucocorticoids and anxiety-like behavior. These findings support cortistatin as a novel multimodal therapeutic approach to treat autoimmunity and clinical pain and identify it as a key endogenous component of the neuroimmune system related to stress responses. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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