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The liver is a fascinating organ that possesses many unusual features, both anatomical and functional. It is the largest and heaviest of the solid glandular organs in the body with a rich blood supply which is derived from an unusual combination of two sources: one arterial, the other venous. In its functions the liver is immensely versatile. Indeed no other single organ in the body comes close to matching the liver for sheer range and intensity of metabolic, synthetic, haemopoietic and immunological activities. The normal liver has an impressive capacity for regeneration. In the past 60 years, and particularly in the last three decades, there has been a progressive and very considerable expansion in our knowledge and understanding of the vascular and functional anatomy of the liver. These advances in anatomical knowledge along with numerous technical and technological developments have had a great impact on the current state of hepatic surgery and are the principal factors underlying the sophistication and precision that define modern hepatic surgery. In this article, a description of the gross external and topographical anatomy of the liver is followed by an account of hepatic functional anatomy and hepatic blood supply. |
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