| Popis: |
Kant’s “transcendental idealism” has a complex relationship to idealism proper. On the one hand, he reduces space and time to human forms of intuition, and thus holds that they are “transcendentally ideal.” On the other hand, he explicitly rejects Berkeley’s immaterialism, which he calls “material” and “subjective” idealism, insisting that there are things in themselves in addition to appearances as our representations of them, and that we have no reason, at least within theoretical philosophy, to reduce things in themselves to minds. On the other hand, he advocates what might be called “practical idealism,” arguing that humans have a radical freedom of the will incompatible with materialism, so as we are in ourselves we must be free minds, and also that we must “postulate” God as an intelligent and incorporeal “author” of nature on moral grounds. |
